Octopamine-d 3

Octopamine -d3 ((±)-p-Octopamine-d3) is the deuterated-labeled Octopamine. Octopamine ((±)-p-Octopamine) is an orally active neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Octopamine activates octopamine receptors ( octopamine receptor ), G protein-coupled/Gαs-coupled receptors ( G protein-coupled/Gαs-coupled receptor ), adenylyl cyclase ( adenylyl cyclase )/ cAMP, calcium, and hyperpolarizing conductance increases. Octopamine can be used in research on various neurological diseases, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}.

References:
[1]. Axelrod J, et al. Octopamine. Nature. 1977 Feb 10;265(5594):501-4.
[2]. Kaya-Zeeb S, et al. Octopamine drives honeybee thermogenesis. eLife. 2022 Mar 15;11:e74334.
[3]. Farooqui T, et al. Octopamine-mediated neuromodulation of insect senses. Neurochemical research. 2007 Sep;32(9):1511-29.
[4]. Selcho M, et al. Linking physiological processes and feeding behaviors by octopamine. Current opinion in insect science. 2019 Dec;36:125-130.