Atherosclerosis

9(S)-HODE cholesteryl ester was originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which promote the differentiation of monocytes via the nuclear receptor PPARγ.

Beraprost is an analog of prostacyclin in which the unstable enol-ether has been replaced by a benzofuran ether function.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which promote the differentiation of monocytes and activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Campestanol is a phytosterol found in vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds.

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2 (ACAT-1 and ACAT-2) catalyze the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A, and may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis.

Cholesteryl arachidonate is a cholesterol ester that is found in plasma and the adrenal gland.

Cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides are derived from the autoxidation of cholesteryl linoleate and contain a mixture of racemic 9- and 13-HpODE cholesteryl esters.

Cholesteryl stearate is a cholesterol ester.

Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) dihydrochloride is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. HA-1077 (hydrochloride) is also a potent Ca2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which are cytotoxic and pro-atherogenic.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotien (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which are cytotoxic and pro-atherogenic.

Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid with multiple biological activities and is widely found in green leafy vegetables, corn, and egg yolks.

Methylcarbamyl PAF C-16 is a stable analog of PAF C-16 with a half-life greater than 100 minutes in platelet poor plasma due to its resistance to degradation by PAF-AH.

Osteocalcin (1-49) is a non-collagenous peptide that is secreted by osteoblasts and odontoblasts and comprises 1-2% of the total protein in bone.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which are cytotoxic and pro-atherogenic.

PGPC is an oxidized phospholipid that can be formed under conditions of oxidative stress.

Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring phospholipid that comprises 2-10% of total phospholipids in mammals and is enriched in the central nervous system, particularly the retina.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotien (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which are cytotoxic and pro-atherogenic.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is, like nitric oxide, an important gaseous mediator that has significant effects on the immunological, neurological, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems of mammals.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a critical DNA repair enzyme involved in DNA single-strand break repair via the base excision repair pathway.

Urocortin is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF, urocortin II, urocortin III, frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.