Vasodilation

HA-1004 is an inhibitor of protein kinase G (PKG) and PKA (Kis = 1.4 and 2.3 μM, respectively).

Fasudil (HA-1077; AT877) dihydrochloride is a nonspecific RhoA/ROCK inhibitor and also has inhibitory effect on protein kinases, with an Ki of 0.33 μM for ROCK1, IC50s of 0.158 μM and 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, 1.650 μM for ROCK2 and PKA, PKC, PKG, respectively. HA-1077 (hydrochloride) is also a potent Ca2+ channel antagonist and vasodilator.

L-hydroxy Arginine is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase in the catabolism of L-arginine to form nitric oxide.

Arachidonoyl amides of both amino acids and neurotransmitters such as dopamine have been previously reported in the literature.

N-Desmethyl sildenafil is a major metabolite of sildenafil.

Nebivolol O-β-D-glucuronide is an active metabolite of the β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist nebivolol.

Neurokinin A is a peptide agonist of the neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor.

Neurokinin B is a tachykinin peptide agonist of the neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3; Ki = 0.8 nM).

Neurotensin (8-13) is a neuropeptide that corresponds to the C-terminal residues 8-13 of neurotensin that binds to rat synaptic membranes with a Ki value of 13 nM.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (1-27) is a PACAP receptor agonist with IC50 values of 3, 2, and 5 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (1-38) is a PACAP receptor agonist with IC50 values of 4, 2, and 1 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells.

PAR2 (1-6) is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of mouse and rat PAR2.

PAR4 (1-6) amide is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR4 and residues 48-53 of the full-length sequence.

Phenylephrine glucuronide is a metabolite of the α1A-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine .

Phenylephrine-3-O-sulfate is metabolite of the α1A-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine formed via sulfation.

Protopine is an alkaloid found in Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rutaceae, Fumariaceae, and Papaveraceae with diverse biological activities.

rac-7-hydroxy Propranolol (hydrochloride) is a ring-hydroxylated isomer and metabolite of propranolol that is an antagonist at β-adrenergic receptors (0.95 potency relative to propranolol).

Vardenafil is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5; IC50s = 0.2-1.2 nM) and PDE6 (IC50 = 2 nM).

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a peptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and hormone.

α-Calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) is a neuropeptide with roles in vasodilation, cardiovascular regulation, and inflammation.

An internal standard for the quantification of flupirtine

A PDE3 inhibitor