Tyrosinases

(±)-β-Tocopherol is a lipid-soluble form of vitamin E with antioxidant activity.

(±)-γ-Tocopherol is a form of vitamin E with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Validamycin A is an agricultural antibiotic fungicide that protects crops from the fungus Rhizoctonia solani by inhibiting trehalase, with an IC 50 value of 72μM.

A terpene with diverse biological activities

α-Ketoglutaric Acid (sodium salt) (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle.

Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus.

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP), isolated from Picea Schrenkiana Needles exhibits a strong suppressive action against tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 10 μM. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a vasoactive agent and antioxidant.

A tyrosinase inhibitor

3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (DPPacid) is a potent and competitive tyrosinase inhibitor, inhibits L-Tyrosine and DL-DOPA with an IC50 and a Ki of 3.02 μM and 11.5 μM, respectively.

Tetrapeptide-30 is a skin-brightening peptide consisting of four amino acids.

7-Methoxy obtusifolin (Compound 4) is a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.0 μM.

D-Tyrosine-d4 is the deuterated form of D-Tyrosine. D-Tyrosine is the D-isomer of tyrosine. It negatively regulates melanin synthesis by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production. D-Tyrosine also inhibits biofilm formation and triggers self-diffusion of biofilms without affecting bacterial growth.

Flanvotumab (IMC-20D7S) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), which is specifically expressed in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Flanvotumab exerts its function through natural killer cell-mediated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It has strong anti-tumor activity and good tolerability.

Norartocarpetin is a tyrosinase inhibitor with strong inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 0.47 μM. It can be used as an anti-browning agent in food systems. Norartocarpetin also exhibits significant anticancer activity against lung cancer cells (NCI-H460), with an IC50 value of 22 μM. Its antiproliferative effect is achieved through targeting the Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathway, mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell migration and invasion.

Tyrosinase-IN-2 (compound 67) is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting catalytic step in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. Tyrosinase-IN-2 has potential as a research tool for skin whitening agents and food preservatives.

Beta-sitostenone is a sterol isolated from Cochlospermum vitifolium. It can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and has anti-melanogenesis and anti-tumor activities.

Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) is a potent, non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and Ki value of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM.

Tyrosinase-IN-18 (compound 6) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor.

hTYR/AbTYR-IN-1 (Compound 7) is a hTYR/AbTYR dual inhibitor, with IC50s of 5.4 μM and 3.52 μM for hTYR and AbTYR respectively.

Obtusifolin-2-O-glucoside (compound 7) is a Tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50=9.2 μM).

Neorauflavane is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor derived from Campylotropis hirtella, with an IC50 value of 30 nM for tyrosinase monophenolase activity and an IC50 value of 500 nM for diphenolase activity.