Rehmapicroside is an ionone glycoside isolated from the rhizome of Rehmannia glutinosa, which has antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities[1, 2, 3].
In vitro, Rehmapicroside (0-100μM) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2, SNU-739 cells) for 24h inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited cell migration and invasion, induced cell G2/M phase arrest, and had no toxicity to normal cells[4]. Rehmapicroside (12.5-100μM) treatment of PC12 cells cultured under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/RO) conditions for 24h increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, reduced intracellular O2− and ONOO−, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 but downregulated the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, and reduced the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I[5].
In vivo, Rehmapicroside (10mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery, which reduced the area of cerebral infarction, improved the neurological deficit score, and inhibited the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine, Drp1 nitration, and the expression of NADPH oxidase and iNOS in the rat brain tissue[5].
References:
[1] Anh N T H, Sung T V, Franke K, et al. Phytochemical studies of Rehmannia glutinosa rhizomes[J]. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2003, 58(8): 593-595.
[2] Zhao L, Cai R. Cracking the Bioactive Code of Rehmannia glutinosa: Analysis and Functions of Active Components[J]. Biological Evidence, 2024, 14.
[3] Zhang R X, Li M X, Jia Z P. Rehmannia glutinosa: review of botany, chemistry and pharmacology[J]. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2008, 117(2): 199-214.
[4] Zhao X, Bai Z, Song Y. Targeting suppression of AKT activation boosts chemosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells via regulation of inflammation and metastasis: Functional protection of Rehmapicroside[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2024, 122: 106487.
[5] Zhang Y, He Y, Wu M, et al. Rehmapicroside ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via attenuating peroxynitrite-mediated mitophagy activation[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2020, 160: 526-539.