Chemerin-9, Mouse is a chemerin-derived nonapeptide that retains the agonistic activity of chemerin that induces the chemotaxis of primary microglia [1]. Chemerin-9 can inhibit the formation of foam cells in macrophages induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and prevent atherosclerosis by reducing the number of macrophages and smooth muscle cells within the plaque [2]. Chemerin-9 has been widely used to stimulate the sympathetic nerve and increase the systemic blood pressure in animal models[3].
In vitro, Chemerin-9 (100nM) treatment for 6 hours inhibited cholesterol efflux in THP-1 cells and upregulated the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) [4]. Treatment with 100ng/ml Chemerin-9 for 24 hours significantly stimulated the migration activity of rat cardiac fibroblasts and promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the cells[5].
In vivo, Chemerin-9 treatment via subcutaneous injection at a dose of 60µg/kg, every other day for 8 weeks, significantly improved Aβ deposition and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice, while reducing the pro-inflammatory activity of microglia[6]. Daily intraperitoneal injection of Chemerin-9 (4µg dissolved in 200µl PBS) was administered for 42 days, which significantly increased the chemokine levels in the serum of mice with pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (PDM) as well as the mRNA expression levels of GLUT2 and PDX1, and alleviated the glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the mice[7].
References:
[1] Lei Z L, Lu Y Q, Bai X, et al. Chemerin-9 peptide enhances memory and ameliorates Aβ1–42-induced object memory impairment in mice[J]. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2020, 43(2): 272-283.
[2] Sato K, Yoshizawa H, Seki T, et al. Chemerin-9, a potent agonist of chemerin receptor (ChemR23), prevents atherogenesis[J]. Clinical science, 2019, 133(16): 1779-1796.
[3] Yamamoto A, Matsumoto K, Hori K, et al. Acute intracerebroventricular injection of chemerin-9 increases systemic blood pressure through activating sympathetic nerves via CMKLR1 in brain[J]. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology, 2020, 472(6): 673-681.
[4] Tan L, Wang N, Galema‐Boers A M H, et al. Statins, but not proprotein convertase subtilisin‐kexin type 9 inhibitors, lower chemerin in hypercholesterolemia via low‐density lipoprotein receptor upregulation[J]. MedComm, 2024, 5(9): e681.
[5] Yamamoto A, Sagara A, Otani K, et al. Chemerin-9 stimulates migration in rat cardiac fibroblasts in vitro[J]. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2021, 912: 174566.
[6] Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu L, et al. Chemerin-9 is neuroprotective in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting microglial clearance of Aβ[J]. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2025, 22(1): 5.
[7] Tu J, Yang Y, Zhang J, et al. Regulatory effect of chemerin and therapeutic efficacy of chemerin‑9 in pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus[J]. Molecular medicine reports, 2020, 21(3): 981-988.