Citrinin (Synonyms: NSC 186) |
Catalog No.GC16661
One-Click Copy Product Info
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Citrinin is a mycotoxin with multiple biological activities produced by several fungal strains of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Monascus.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 518-75-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Citrinin is a mycotoxin with multiple biological activities produced by several fungal strains of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Monascus [1]. Citrinin is a natural contaminant in various foods that can cause serious adverse health problems and also has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects [2].
In vitro, Citrinin (30 μM) treated ESC-B5 cells for 24 hours can directly stimulate the production of ROS, thereby inducing NO production, leading to changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 [3]. Citrinin (10, 20μM) treated hRPTEC cells for 3 and 30 days, significantly promoting cell mitotic spindle abnormalities, wound healing, cell migration and anchorage-dependent growth, and activating cancer and cell cycle-related signaling pathways [4]. Citrinin (40μM) treats embryonic cells and induces DNA damage, autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, adversely affecting early embryonic development during the first cleavage [5].
In vivo, Citrinin (1, 3, 5 mg/kg) was orally fed to female Wistar rats for 10 weeks, causing abnormal development of fetal weight, bones, and internal organs after pregnancy, resulting in severe teratogenic effects [6]. Citrinin (6.25mg/kg) treated male mice by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days, significantly increased the relative weight of testicles, epididymis, seminal vesicles and preputial glands, increased the number of abnormal sperm, and reduced the number of viable sperm [7].
References:
[1] Flajs D, Peraica M. Toxicological properties of citrinin[J]. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2009, 60(4): 457-464.
[2] Salah A, Bouaziz C, Prola A, et al. Citrinin induces apoptosis in human HCT116 colon cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress[J]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2017, 80(23-24): 1230-1241.
[3] Chan W H. Citrinin induces apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells[J]. IUBMB life, 2008, 60(3): 171-179.
[4] Tsai J F, Wu T S, Huang Y T, et al. Exposure to Mycotoxin Citrinin Promotes Carcinogenic Potential of Human Renal Cells[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2023, 71(48): 19054-19065.
[5] Huang Y L, Pan W L, Cai W W, et al. Exposure to citrinin induces DNA damage, autophagy, and mitochondria dysfunction during first cleavage of mouse embryos[J]. Environmental Toxicology, 2021, 36(11): 2217-2224.
[6] Singh N D, Sharma A K, Patil R D, et al. Effect of feeding graded doses of Citrinin on clinical and teratology in female Wistar rats[J]. 2014.
[7] Qingqing H, Linbo Y, Yunqian G, et al. Toxic effects of citrinin on the male reproductive system in mice[J]. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 2012, 64(5): 465-469.
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Cell experiment [1]: |
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Cell lines |
ESC-B5 cells |
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Preparation method |
Cells were pretreated with PTIO (20μM) for 1 h and then treated with Citrinin (30μM) for another 24 h. |
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Reaction Conditions |
30 μM; 24 h |
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Applications |
Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) change and activation of caspase-9 and -3 by Citrinin treatment. |
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Animal experiment [2]: |
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Animal models |
Female Wistar rats |
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Preparation method |
Rats were fed toxic feed for 10 weeks before mating. According to the dose of CIT in the experimental feed, the animals were divided into four groups (1, 3, 5mg/kg CIT and control group), with 10 rats in each group. Teratogenicity studies were performed on gestational day 20. |
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Dosage form |
1, 3, 5mg/kg; p.o. |
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Applications |
Oral administration of citrinin dose-dependently causes various developmental abnormalities in the fetuses of pregnant rats. |
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References: [1] Chan W H. Citrinin induces apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells[J]. IUBMB life, 2008, 60(3): 171-179. [2]Singh N D, Sharma A K, Patil R D, et al. Effect of feeding graded doses of Citrinin on clinical and teratology in female Wistar rats[J]. 2014. |
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| Cas No. | 518-75-2 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | NSC 186 | ||
| Chemical Name | (3R,4S)-4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-3H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C(C)=C2[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC=C2C(O)=C1C(O)=O | ||
| Formula | C13H14O5 | M.Wt | 250.3 |
| Solubility | ≤2mg/ml in ethanol;20mg/ml in DMSO;20mg/ml in dimethyl formamide | Storage | Store at -20°C,protect from light, stored under nitrogen |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.9952 mL | 19.976 mL | 39.9521 mL |
| 5 mM | 799 μL | 3.9952 mL | 7.9904 mL |
| 10 mM | 399.5 μL | 1.9976 mL | 3.9952 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 38 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)