H-Glu(Tyr-OH)-OH is a dipeptide composed of glutamic acid (Glu) and tyrosine (Tyr). Its chemical name is L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine, with the molecular formula C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₆ and a molecular weight of approximately 310.3. H-Glu(Tyr-OH)-OH is a competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) (IC₅₀ = 6.77 mM) and may have potential for the treatment of type II diabetes[1]. The tyrosine portion of H-Glu(Tyr-OH)-OH contains a phenolic hydroxyl group, which may confer antioxidant properties, allowing it to react with free radicals and thereby reduce oxidative damage[2]. Glutamic acid and tyrosine are important precursors of neurotransmitters, and the hydrolysis products of H-Glu(Tyr-OH)-OH may be involved in the transmission and modulation of nerve signals[3]. Some studies suggest that in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, the metabolism of glutamine and tyrosine is abnormal, and the levels of H-Glu(Tyr-OH)-OH and its related metabolites may also change[4]。
References:
[1] Juan Yang, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, Chun Cui, et al. γ‐Glu‐Met synthesised using a bacterial glutaminase as a potential inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2018, 53(5): 1166-1175.
[2] Jeffrey RF, MacDonald TM, Lee MR. A comparison of the renal actions of gamma-L-glutamyl-L-dopa and gamma-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine in normal man. Clin Sci (Lond). 1988 Jan;74(1):37-40.
[3] Nemeroff CB. The role of neuropeptides in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1992;15 Suppl 1 Pt A:6A-7A.
[4] Liu S, Zhong H, Zhu J, et al. Identification of blood metabolites associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease by integrating genomics and metabolomics data. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Apr;29(4):1153-1162.