Minodronic acid (YM-529) is a third-generation bisphosphonate that directly and indirectly prevents proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits metastasis of various types of cancer cells. Minodronic acid (YM-529) is an antagonist of purinergic P2X2/3 receptors involved in pain[1][2]. P2X2/3[2]
[1]. Sato K, et al. A third-generation bisphosphonate, minodronic acid (YM529), successfully prevented the growth of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer. 2006 Nov 20;95(10):1354-61. [2]. Tanaka M, et al. Minodronic acid induces morphological changes in osteoclasts at bone resorption sites and reaches a level required for antagonism of purinergic P2X2/3 receptors. J Bone Miner Metab. 2018 Jan;36(1):54-63.