trans-ε-Viniferin (Synonyms: (–)-ε-Viniferin)

trans-ε-Viniferin is a stilbene polyphenol and dimer of trans-resveratrol that has been found in various red wines and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5 It induces disaggregation of aggregated amyloid-β (1-42) fibrils in a cell-free assay and decreases Aβ42- and IL-1β-induced release of TNF-α and IL-6 in primary mouse neuron and astrocyte cocultures.2 trans-ε-Viniferin reduces cytotoxicity induced by truncated huntingtin (Htt) in PC12 cells (EC50 = 30 nM).3 It also reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and PGC-1α depletion and increases protein levels and deacetylase activity of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in cells expressing mutant Htt. trans-ε-Viniferin inhibits calcium-activated chloride channel currents in HT-29 cells (IC50 = ~1 μM).4 In vivo, trans-ε-viniferin (2 μg per animal) reduces rotavirus-induced secretory diarrhea in mice without affecting the rotaviral infection. Dietary administration of trans-ε-viniferin reduces hepatic triglyceride accumulation and body weight increases in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.5

References
1. Vitrac, X., Bornet, A., Vanderlinde, R., et al. Determination of stilbenes (δ-viniferin, trans-astringin, trans-piceid, cis- and trans-resveratrol, ε-viniferin) in Brazilian wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53(14), 5664-5669 (2005).
2. Vion, E., Page, G., Bourdeaud, E., et al. Trans ε-viniferin is an amyloid-β disaggregating and anti-inflammatory drug in a mouse primary cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 88, 1-6 (2018).
3. Fu, J., Jin, J., Cichewicz, R.H., et al. trans-(•)-ε-Viniferin increases mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protects cells in models of Huntington Disease. J. Biol. Chem. 287(29), 24460-24472 (2012).
4. Yu, B., Jiang, Y., Zhang, B., et al. Resveratrol dimer trans-ε-viniferin prevents rotaviral diarrhea in mice by inhibition of the intestinal calcium-activated chloride channel. Pharmacol. Res. 129, 453-461 (2018).
5. Ohara, K., Kusano, K., Kitao, S., et al. ε-Viniferin, a resveratrol dimer, prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Commun. 468(4), 877-882 (2015).