H-His-OH

Animal experiment:

Rats: TAA (300 mg/kg i.p) is given to animals daily for 3 days. L-histidine (100 mg/kg) is dissolved in saline and injected (i.p.) daily 2 hours before each TAA injection. To prevent hypoglycemia and dehydration, rats are given 12.5 ml/kg of fluid therapy (5% dextrose and 0.45% saline with 20 mEq/L of potassium chloride) every 12 hours, s.c. Normal controls receive saline (vehicle used for TAA), whereas another group of rats are given L-histidine alone (100 mg/kg) daily for 3 days. TAA-treated rats are clinically monitored, and stages of encephalopathy are graded[2]. Mice: The control group is fed with the AIN-93G purified diet that contains 5.08 g L-histidine/kg, whereas the L-histidine diet group is fed with AIN-93G that contains 1.28 g L-histidine/kg (25% of the histidine content in AIN-93G). To equalize the total amount of amino acids, glutamine is added to the L-histidine diet to counterbalance the changes in the histidine content (18.32 g L-glutamine/kg AIN-93G vs. 23.72 g L-glutamine/kg L-histidine diet). Both diets are isonitrogenous. At 8 wk of age, the mice are weighed and assigned to 2 different diets. The mice are allowed ad libitum access to water and their respective diets, and they are housed for at least 2 wk in the laboratory before starting the experiments[3].

References:

[1]. Bou Zeidan M, et al. L-histidine inhibits biofilm formation and FLO11-associated phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeasts. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 4;9(11):e112141.
[2]. Rama Rao KV, et al. Brain edema in acute liver failure: inhibition by L-histidine. Am J Pathol. 2010 Mar;176(3):1400-8.
[3]. Yoshikawa T, et al. Insufficient intake of L-histidine reduces brain histamine and causes anxiety-like behaviors in male mice. J Nutr. 2014 Oct;144(10):1637-41.