Meloxicam (Mobic) is a piroxicam-class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Meloxicam inhibits COX-2 and reduces prostaglandin synthesis. Meloxicam is used for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory pain research[1-4].
In vitro, HT-29 cells were treated with 100-800μM Meloxicam for 24-72 hours. Meloxicam decreased cell proliferation, arrested the cell cycle. Meloxicam reduced VEGF and Ang-2 protein levels in culture supernatant[5]. A549 cells were treated with 0.1mg/mL Meloxicam for 48 hours. Meloxicam decreased cell proliferation activity, reduced LPS-stimulated IL-6 protein secretion[6]. Raji cells were treated with 6.25-200μM Meloxicam for 24 hours. Meloxicam decreased cell viability. Meloxicam induced cell apoptosis[7].
In vivo, diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice received daily intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg Meloxicam for 2 days. Meloxicam increased hepatocyte EGFR and PCNA expression, reduced hepatic fatty vacuolar changes and glycogen storage[8]. Swiss-Webster mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/kg Meloxicam at 24 hours after splenectomy. Meloxicam maintained sucrose preference, reduced GFAP reactivity and CD45 microglial inflammation in the hippocampus, piriform cortex and hypothalamus[9]. ICR mice received daily subcutaneous injection of 20mg/kg Meloxicam for 3 or 7 days. Meloxicam caused fecal occult blood, induced gastric lesions including gastritis and mucosal ulceration[10].
References:[1] Noble S, Balfour JA. Meloxicam. Drugs. 1996 Mar;51(3):424-30; discussion 431-32.
[2] Blair HA. Bupivacaine/Meloxicam Prolonged Release: A Review in Postoperative Pain. Drugs. 2021 Jul;81(10):1203-1211.
[3] Khalil NY, Aldosari KF. Meloxicam. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol. 2020;45:159-197.
[4] White C, Morrow L. Efficacy of meloxicam compared with carprofen for treating canine osteoarthritis. Vet Rec. 2020 Jan 25;186(3):94.
[5] Zhang Ning, Tao Kaixiong, Huang Tao. Effects of Meloxicam on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiopoietin-2 Expression in Colon Carcinoma Cell Line HT-29. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci. 2007;27(4):399-402.
[6] Party P, Kokai D, Burian K, et al. Development of extra-fine particles containing nanosized meloxicam for deep pulmonary delivery: In vitro aerodynamic and cell line measurements. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2022;176:106247.
[7] Asmarani YK, Supriatno, Haniastuti T. Effect of Meloxicam on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of the Raji Cell Line: an In Vitro Study. International Journal of Dentistry. 2022;2022:9579326.
[8] Jin X, Zimmers TA, Jiang Y, et al. Meloxicam Increases EGFR Expression Improving Survival following Hepatic Resection in Diet-induced Obese Mice. Surgery. 2018 Jun;163(6):1264-1271.
[9] Haile M, Boutajangout A, Chung K, et al. The Cox-2 Inhibitor Meloxicam Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Depressive Behavior in Adult Mice after Splenectomy. J Neurophysiol Neurol Disord. 2016;3.
[10] Kendall LV, Bailey AL, Singh B, et al. Toxic Effects of High-dose Meloxicam and Carprofen on Female CD1 Mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2022 Jan;61(1):75-80.