2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol is a polyketide antibiotic and secondary metabolite produced by various strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas[1]. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol inhibits primary root growth and stimulates lateral root production in tomato seedlings by interacting with an auxin-dependent signaling pathway[2]. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol interferes with the expression of genes involved in the biofilm formation of Bacillus subtilis, and suppresses the production of quorum-sensing autoinducers by Pectobacterium carotovorum[3]. 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol has been widely used in antibacterial research to disrupt the integrity of fungal cell membranes and affect fungal cellular respiration[4].
In vitro, 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol treatment for 48 hours markedly reduced the viability of VERO and LLC-PK1 cells, with IC50 values of 12μg/ml and 11μg/ml, respectively[5]. Treatment with 15μg/ml 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol for 28 hours impaired mitochondrial function, altered mitochondrial morphology and affected calcium homeostasis in Neurospora crassa[6].
In vivo, intrahippocampal injection of 20nmol (2μl) 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol decreased the soluble Aβ level and increased the levels of sAPPα and C83 in the brains of APPsw/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model within two days[7].
References:
[1] Kim S H, Kwon Y S, Nguyen C C, et al. 2, 4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) Enhances Induced Systemic Resistance Against Necrotrophic Pathogens Through the COI1-Mediated JA Signaling Pathway in Arabidopsis[J]. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2025, 44(8): 4881-4890.
[2] Brazelton J N, Pfeufer E E, Sweat T A, et al. 2, 4-Diacetylphloroglucinol alters plant root development[J]. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2008, 21(10): 1349-1358.
[3] Stepanov A A, Poshvina D V, Vasilchenko A S. 2, 4-Diacetylphloroglucinol modulates Candida albicans virulence[J]. Journal of Fungi, 2022, 8(10): 1018.
[4] Brucker R M, Baylor C M, Walters R L, et al. The identification of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol as an antifungal metabolite produced by cutaneous bacteria of the salamander Plethodon cinereus[J]. Journal of chemical ecology, 2008, 34(1): 39-43.
[5] Bharate S B, Khan S I, Yunus N A M, et al. Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activities of O-alkylated and formylated acylphloroglucinols[J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2007, 15(1): 87-96.
[6] Troppens D M, Chu M, Holcombe L J, et al. The bacterial secondary metabolite 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol impairs mitochondrial function and affects calcium homeostasis in Neurospora crassa[J]. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2013, 56: 135-146.
[7] Jang B G, Choi B, Kim S, et al. 2, 4-Diacetylphloroglucinol reduces beta-Amyloid production and secretion by regulating Adam10 and intracellular trafficking in cellular and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Cells, 2022, 11(16): 2585.
















