Pseudoginsenoside RT4 is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 can be isolated from Panax pseudoginseng subsp. Himalaicus, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv, and Panax quinquefolius L. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 reduces the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, elevates the level of IL-10, improves the histopathological features of colon tissue, maintains the ultrastructure of colonic epithelium, protects the integrity of cell monolayers, increases the expression of tight junction proteins, raises the total content of short-chain fatty acids, corrects intestinal flora disorder, reduces the disease activity index score, restores colon length, and decreases the spleen index. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 exhibits hepatoprotective effects. Pseudoginsenoside RT4 can be used in studies related to ulcerative colitis [1] [2].
In Vivo, Pseudoginsenoside RT4 (10-40 mg/kg; i.g.; daily; 3 days) dose-dependently alleviates ulcerative colitis in DSS-induced Balb/c mice by reducing clinical symptoms, inhibiting inflammatory responses, restoring SCFA levels, repairing intestinal mucosal barrier function, and normalizing gut microbiota composition, with the 40 mg/kg dose showing effects comparable to the positive control Sulfasalazine [1].
In Vitro, Pseudoginsenoside RT4 (4-16 µg/mL; 18 h) protects LPS-induced Caco-2 cell epithelial barrier damage by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing TEER values, and enhancing tight-junction protein expression, with the strongest effects seen at 16 µg/mL[1].
References:
[1]. Yu H, et al. Study on the Anti-Ulcerative Colitis Effect of Pseudo-Ginsenoside RT4 Based on Gut Microbiota, Pharmacokinetics, and Tissue Distribution. International journal of molecular sciences. 2024 Jan 09;25(2):835.
[2]. Peng S, et al. Identification of two key UDP-glycosyltransferases responsible for the ocotillol-type ginsenoside majonside-R2 biosynthesis in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. Planta. 2023 May 13;257(6):119.
In Vivo, Pseudoginsenoside RT4 (10-40 mg/kg; i.g.; daily; 3 days) dose-dependently alleviates ulcerative colitis in DSS-induced Balb/c mice by reducing clinical symptoms, inhibiting inflammatory responses, restoring SCFA levels, repairing intestinal mucosal barrier function, and normalizing gut microbiota composition, with the 40 mg/kg dose showing effects comparable to the positive control Sulfasalazine [1].
In Vitro, Pseudoginsenoside RT4 (4-16 µg/mL; 18 h) protects LPS-induced Caco-2 cell epithelial barrier damage by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing TEER values, and enhancing tight-junction protein expression, with the strongest effects seen at 16 µg/mL[1].
References:
[1]. Yu H, et al. Study on the Anti-Ulcerative Colitis Effect of Pseudo-Ginsenoside RT4 Based on Gut Microbiota, Pharmacokinetics, and Tissue Distribution. International journal of molecular sciences. 2024 Jan 09;25(2):835.
[2]. Peng S, et al. Identification of two key UDP-glycosyltransferases responsible for the ocotillol-type ginsenoside majonside-R2 biosynthesis in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. Planta. 2023 May 13;257(6):119.