NADP+ is the oxidized form of the electron donor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. NADP+ together with its reduced form, reduced NADPH, is involved in maintaining redox balance and supporting the biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleic acids [1].
NADP+, a structural analogue of NAD+, is synthesized by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to the 2′-hydroxyl group of the adenosine ribose moiety of NAD+. This reaction is catalyzed by NADKs [2]. NADP+ act as a cofactor in various biological reactions [3]. NADP+/NADPH is important in regulating the cellular redox state, energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, gene expression, and signaling pathways, NADP+/NADPH are essential for maintaining a large array of biological processes[3,4,5].
References:
[1]. Yang, Yue, and Anthony A. Sauve. "NAD+ metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics 1864.12 (2016): 1787-1800.
[2]. Ying, Weihai. "NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in cellular functions and cell death: regulation and biological consequences." Antioxidants & redox signaling 10.2 (2008): 179-206.
[3]. Jackson J B. A review of the binding-change mechanism for proton-translocating transhydrogenase[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 2012, 1817(10): 1839-1846.
[4]. CantÓ, Carles, and Johan Auwerx. "NAD+ as a signaling molecule modulating metabolism." Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology. Vol. 76. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2011.
[5]. CantÓ, Carles, Keir J. Menzies, and Johan Auwerx. "NAD+ metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis: a balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus." Cell metabolism 22.1 (2015): 31-53.