Carbohydrate Metabolism

Steryl glucosides are neutral glycolipids commonly found in plant cell membranes and vegetable oils that contain a glucose moiety conjugated to a sterol lipid.

AZ-33 is a selective lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 μM and a Kd of 0.093 μM.

L-(+)-Erythrose is an aldotetrose carbohydrate that has been used in glycation studies and to characterize erythrose reductase activity.

Linamarin is a glucoside of acetone cyanohydrin found in the leaves and roots of cassava, lima beans, and flax.

Ribulose is a ketopentose, a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and a ketone functional group.

D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde is an intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism.

Sophorose is a disaccharide component of the microbial glycolipids produced by yeast termed sophorolipids.

D-Gulono-1,4-lactone is a hexanoic acid used as a starting material in enantiomerically pure compound syntheses, including carbohydrate syntheses.

In addition to its role in the Krebs cycle, α-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) has roles as a substrate or modulator of enzymes.

Pioglitazone ketone is an active metabolite of the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone.

2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol is an antimetabolic fructose analogue that increases food intake in rats at doses of 50-800 mg/kg by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver..

Fucose is a deoxyhexose that is present in many organisms.

(2R)-Glycerol-O-β-D-galactopyranoside is a substrate for β-galactosidase, the lactose repressor, the galactose-binding protein, and the β-methylgalactoside transport system.

1,3-Dipalmitoleoyl-rac-glycerol is a diacylglycerol with palmitoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions.

1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-Arabinitol (DAB) is an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase, a key enzyme in glycogenolysis.

1-thio-β-D-Glucose is an analog of β-D-glucose in which sulfur replaces the hydroxyl group at the one position.

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranose is a D-glucopyranose derivative that has been used in glucosylation reactions.

Carbohydrates conjugated with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl (CNP) serve as chromogenic substrates in assays for enzymes that release CNP from the conjugated carbohydrate.

3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranose 1,2-(methyl orthoacetate) is a synthetic intermediate used in glycosylation reactions.

Sialic acids, commonly present as terminal carbohydrates on glycoconjugates, are essential for a variety of cellular functions including cell adhesion and signal recognition, as well as the formation and progression of tumors.

3-O-methyl-N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine (3-O-methyl-GlcNAc) is a competitive inhibitor of N-acetylglucosamine kinase and a non-competitive inhibitor of N-acetylmannosamine kinase (Kis = 17 and 80 μM in rat liver, respectively, in vitro).

3'-Sialyllactose consists of the monosaccharide N-acetylneuraminic acid linked to the galactosyl subunit of lactose at the 3 position.

4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-glucose is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of carbohydrates.

4-methyl-2-Oxovalerate is an immediate precursor and metabolite of L-leucine.