Antioxidants

4-Aminobenzoic Acid hydrazide is an irreversible MPO myeloperoxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.3 μM.

5-methyl-2-HOBA is an isoketal scavenger.

α-Lipoic acid is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form.

AP39 is a compound used to increase the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within mitochondria.

Bilirubin Conjugate (sodium salt) is a stable, water-soluble ditaurate derivative of bilirubin, which is used to develop new methods for bilirubin determination.

Biliverdin is a green bile pigment produced from the oxidation of heme in a reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase and is further reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.

Capsanthin is a carotenoid that has been found in red paprika and has diverse biological activities.

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2 (ACAT-1 and ACAT-2) catalyze the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A, and may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis.

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis.

Cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides are derived from the autoxidation of cholesteryl linoleate and contain a mixture of racemic 9- and 13-HpODE cholesteryl esters.

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of ATP.

The metallo-protein Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a ubiquitous enzyme responsible for scavenging superoxide radicals.

Cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside is an anthocyanin antioxidant that has been found in eggplant.

Didymin is a flavonoid that has been found in citrus fruits with diverse biological activities.

Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) is a dithiol-containing carboxylic acid that is the reduced form of α-lipoic acid.

Diphenylamine is an antioxidant that has been found in a variety of plants, including black and green tea plants, onion, and citrus.

DL-erythro/threo Sphinganine (d16:0) is a sphingolipid that is decreased in rats following long-term, low-dose administration of dimethoate and is used as a biomarker for dimethoate exposure.

Nrf2 activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) is central to cytoprotective gene expression against oxidative and/or electrophilic stress.

Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) hexasodium is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains.

DPPP (Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine) is a non-fluorescent lipophilic fluorescent probe. DPPP can undergo a stoichiometric reaction with lipid hydroperoxides to produce highly fluorescent DPPP-O (excitation/emission wavelengths = 351/380nm).

Ebselen is an excellent scavenger of peroxynitrite and is used for the treatment of cerebral infarctions.

Erucin is an isothiocyanate derived from glucoerucin, a glucosinolate predominant in arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) and other cruciferous vegetables.

FeTMPyP is a synthetic porphyrin complexed with iron, which acts as a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst.

FeTPPS is a metalloporphyrin-based ONOO⁻ decomposition catalyst.