Perindopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Perindopril lowers blood pressure and cardiac load by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and reducing the degradation of bradykinin. Perindopril is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure[1-4].
In vitro, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with Perindopril (1-10μg/mL) for 24 hours, followed by stimulation with LPS (20μg/mL) for 1 hour. Perindopril significantly increased cell viability but showed no significant effects on acetylcholine (ACh) levels or the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, NFκB)[5]. Perindopril (100μM) treated THP-1 macrophages for 24 hours. Perindopril inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (100nM)-induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and MHC-II expression[6].
In vivo, Swiss mice were orally administered Perindopril (1mg/kg; single dose) 1 hour before establishing chemical, thermal, and mechanical pain models. Perindopril significantly reduced the number of writhes in mice, delayed reaction times in the tail clip test, and increased latency in the hot plate test[7]. Starting 1 hour before a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (10mg/kg), Swiss mice were orally administered Perindopril (2mg/kg; once daily) for 5 consecutive days. Perindopril significantly improved cisplatin-induced renal histological changes, levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), and expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3)[8].
References:
[1] Alfakih K, Hall AS. Perindopril. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Jan;7(1):63-71.
[2] Lababidi JM, Kabil MF, Azzazy HME. Perindopril: A comprehensive profile. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol. 2026;51:211-252.
[3] Ghiadoni L. Perindopril for the treatment of hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011 Jul;12(10):1633-42.
[4] Simpson D, Noble S, Goa KL. Perindopril: in congestive heart failure. Drugs. 2002;62(9):1367-77.
[5] Şen S, Hacıosmanoğlu E. Comparing the Neuroprotective Effects of Telmisartan, Perindopril, and Nebivolol Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Injury in Neuron-Like Cells. Cureus. 2022 Jul 29;14(7):e27429.
[6] Barhoumi T, Alghanem B, Shaibah H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Spike Protein-Induced Apoptosis, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Responses in THP-1-Like-Macrophages: Potential Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (Perindopril). Front Immunol. 2021 Sep 20;12:728896.
[7] Suresha RN, Amoghimath S, Vaibhavi PS, et al. Evaluation of analgesic activity of perindopril in albino mice. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2014 Jul;5(3):129-33.
[8] Aljuhani N, Ismail RS, El-Awady MS, et al. Modulatory effects of perindopril on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice: Implication of inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. Acta Pharm. 2020 Dec 1;70(4):515-525.