Chebulinic acid (Synonyms: Eutannin, NSC 69862)

Chebulinic acid is a potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, also can inhibit SMAD-3 phosphorylation, inhibit H+ K+-ATPase activity.

In vitro: binding of Chebulinic acid causes displacement of catalytic Tyr129 away from its target DNA-phosphate molecule. [1] Chebulinic acid reduce the expression and activity of MMP-2 at an ED50 value of 100 μM. EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition) is found to be induced in ARPE-19 cells, through SMAD-3 phosphorylation and it is inhibited by CA. [2] chebulinic acid significantly inhibited H+ K+-ATPase activity in vitrowith IC50 of 65.01 μg/ml. [3]

[1]. Patel K et al. Identification of chebulinic acid as potent natural inhibitor of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase and molecular insights into its binding mode of action. Comput Biol Chem. 2015 Dec;59 Pt A:37-47. [2]. Sivasankar S et al. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Triphala and their active compounds chebulagic acid and chebulinic acidprevented epithelial to mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells, by inhibiting SMAD-3 phosphorylation. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 20 [3]. Mishra V et al. Anti-secretory and cyto-protective effects of chebulinic acid isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula on gastric ulcers. Phytomedicine. 2013 Apr 15;20(6):506-11.