AS-99 is a first-in-class, potent and selective ASH1L histone methyltransferase inhibitor (IC50= 0.79 µM, Kd= 0.89 µM) with anti-leukemic activity. AS-99 blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation, downregulates MLL fusion target genes, and reduces the leukemia burden in vivo[1].
AS-99 is tested against a panel of 20 histone methyltransferases, including NSD1, NSD2, NSD3, and SETD2. NO significant inhibition is observed at 50 µM of AS-99 on any of the tested histone methyltransferases, indicating over 100-fold selectivity towards ASH1L[1].AS-99 shows effect on the growth of the MLL leukemia cells (MV4;11, MOLM13, KOPN8, RS4;11) with the GI50 values ranging from 1.8 µM to 3.6 µM[1].AS-99 (1-8 µM; 7 days) also induces apoptosis in the MLL leukemia cells, but not in the K562 cells, as assessed by the quantification of the Annexin V positive cells[1].AS-99 suppresses MLL fusion driven transcriptional programs[1].
AS-99 (30 mg/kg; i.p.; q.d., treated for 14 consecutive days) reduces leukemia burden in mice[1].AS-99 is used for in vivo studies in mice, which reveals favorable exposure in plasma upon i.v. and i.p. administration (AUC = 9701 hr* ng/mL and 10,699 hr* ng/mL, respectively), suitable half-life (~5-6 h) and Cmax >10 µM[1].
[1]. David S. Rogawski, Jing Deng, Hao Li, Tomasz Cierpicki, Jolanta Grembecka, et al. Discovery of first-in-class inhibitors of ASH1L histone methyltransferase with anti-leukemic activity. Nat Commun. 2021 May 14;12(1):2792.