GLPBio

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Catalog No.: GC50000Purity:>99.50%
COASDSData Sheet
GABA is an essential endogenous inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, with the EC50 values of 0.17, 2.1, 2.1, and 1.4μM for α6, α1, α4, and α5 of GABAA receptor, respectively.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Cas No.: 56-12-2
100mgIn Stock
$20.00
1
500mgIn Stock
$60.00
1
1gIn Stock
$96.00
1
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Description

GABA is an essential endogenous inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, with the EC50 values of 0.17, 2.1, 2.1, and 1.4μM for α6, α1, α4, and α5 of GABAA receptor, respectively[1]. GABA is loaded into synaptic vesicles via the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter and modulates neural excitability to maintain balanced cerebral functions[2]. GABA has been widely used in different animal models to regulate immune responses, interfere with tumor growth, and alleviate anxiety[3].

In vitro, GABA treatment (100µM) for 72 hours significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells, SW620 cells, and HCT116 cells and induced cell cycle arrest[4]. Treatment of mouse islet B cells with 100µM GABA for 4 days promoted cell proliferation, resulting in increased nuclear expression of p-Akt Ser473 and p-p70S6K Thr421/Ser424[5].

In vivo, GABA treatment via two weeks of oral administration at a dose of 100mg/kg/day significantly improved the metabolic status of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) and reduced body weight, body mass index, and testosterone levels[6]. Intraperitoneal injection of GABA at a dose of 1.5mg/kg daily for 3 months improved blood glucose and insulin levels, metabolic status, and body fat in diabetic rats[7]. A single dose of GABA pretreatment (10mg/kg; i.p.) for 1 hour significantly increased the survival rate of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), alleviated inflammatory injury and pulmonary edema, decreased the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO), down-regulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10[8].

References:
[1] Mortensen M, Patel B, Smart T G. GABA potency at GABAA receptors found in synaptic and extrasynaptic zones[J]. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2012, 6: 1.
[2] Barakat H, Aljutaily T. Role of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in diabetes management: mechanisms and therapeutic implications[J]. Biomolecules, 2025, 15(3): 399.
[3] Heli Z, Hongyu C, Dapeng B, et al. Recent advances of γ-aminobutyric acid: Physiological and immunity function, enrichment, and metabolic pathway[J]. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022, 9: 1076223.
[4] Song L, Du A, Xiong Y, et al. γ-Aminobutyric acid inhibits the proliferation and increases oxaliplatin sensitivity in human colon cancer cells[J]. Tumor Biology, 2016, 37(11): 14885-14894.
[5] Untereiner A, Xu J, Bhattacharjee A, et al. γ‐aminobutyric acid stimulates β‐cell proliferation through the mTORC1/p70S6K pathway, an effect amplified by Ly49, a novel γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor positive allosteric modulator[J]. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2020, 22(11): 2021-2031.
[6] Ullah A, Jahan S, Razak S, et al. Protective effects of GABA against metabolic and reproductive disturbances in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats[J]. Journal of ovarian research, 2017, 10(1): 62.
[7] Sohrabipour S, Sharifi M R, Talebi A, et al. GABA dramatically improves glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with high-fat diet[J]. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2018, 826: 75-84.
[8] Yang J, Li N, Zhen Y, et al. γ-aminobutyric acid alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice through upregulating type B receptors[J]. Archives of Medical Science: AMS, 2019, 19(4): 1116.

Protocol

Cell experiment [1]:

Cell lines

SW480 cells

Preparation Method

SW480 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FBS), and were maintained at 37°C in an atmosphere of humidified air with 5% CO2. The cells were seeded at the density of 1300 cells/well into 96-well plates, containing 100μl of the DMEM medium. Twenty-four hours later, cells were incubated with GABA (0, 10, 50, and 100µM) for 24, 48, and 72h, respectively. Cell proliferation assay was performed by using the CCK-8 assay, and optical density values at 450nm were measured.

Reaction Conditions

0, 10, 50, and 100µM; 24, 48, and 72h

Applications

GABA treatment decreased the cell viability of SW480 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Animal experiment [2]:

Animal models

Male C57BL/6 mice

Preparation Method

128 healthy male 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 mice, weighing 18-22g, were raised in cages in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment, with adequate food and water, and the laboratory temperature was maintained at around 25°C. 36 mice were taken and anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 1g/kg 4% chloral hydrate. Mice were randomly divided into the following 3 groups, with 12 mice in each group: control group (0.2ml normal saline for intraperitoneal injection), LPS group (30mg/kg LPS for intraperitoneal injection), GABA+LPS group (10mg/kg GABA was given by intraperitoneal injection 1h before LPS challenge). The mice were anesthetized 6h after LPS or saline injection, and lung tissues were collected for analysis.

Dosage form

10mg/kg for once; i.p.

Applications

GABA treatment reduced inflammatory injury and pulmonary edema in mice.

References:
[1] Song L, Du A, Xiong Y, et al. γ-Aminobutyric acid inhibits the proliferation and increases oxaliplatin sensitivity in human colon cancer cells[J]. Tumor Biology, 2016, 37(11): 14885-14894.
[2] Yang J, Li N, Zhen Y, et al. γ-aminobutyric acid alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice through upregulating type B receptors[J]. Archives of Medical Science: AMS, 2019, 19(4): 1116.

Product Documents

Purity:>99.50%Appearance:A solid
COASDSData Sheet

Chemical Properties

CAS No.
56-12-2
SMILES
NCCCC(O)=O
Molecular Formula
C4H9NO2
Molecular Weight
103.12
Solubility
H2O : 50 mg/mL (484.87 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Storage
Store at -20°C
General tips
Select a suitable solvent according to the product solubility data. Once prepared, aliquot the stock solution to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Use stock solutions within 6 months when stored at -80°C or within 1 month when stored at -20°C.
To improve solubility, warm the tube to 37°C and sonicate it for an appropriate period.
Shipping Condition
Evaluation samples are shipped with blue ice. Other available sizes are shipped at room temperature or with blue ice upon request.

CalculatorsMolarity / Dilution / Molecular Weight / Unit Conversion / In Vivo Formulation / Solubility

g/mol

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