NAD+ (Synonyms: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) |
Catalog No.GC17216
One-Click Copy Product Info
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NAD+ is a coenzyme that transfers hydrogen ions and participates in many enzymatic reactions. It is composed of ribosyl nicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to 5'-adenosine phosphate through a pyrophosphate bond.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 53-84-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
NAD+ is a coenzyme that transfers hydrogen ions and participates in many enzymatic reactions. It is composed of ribosyl nicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to 5'-adenosine phosphate through a pyrophosphate bond[1]. NAD+ is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and the reduced form of NAD is NADH. The intracellular NAD+/NADH reflects the metabolic activity and health of the cell[2]. NAD+ is a key redox carrier that plays an irreplaceable role in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain[3]. NAD+ is also a substrate of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)[4].
In vitro, NAD+ (100µM) treatment of naive CD4+ T cells for 72h induced naive CD4+ T cells to produce a large amount of cytokines, promoted cell differentiation into helper T cells (Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells), but prevented differentiated cells from producing cytokines[5].
In vivo, intravenous administration of NAD+ (10, 60 mg/kg) to ART2−/− and wild-type (WT) mice reduced the inhibitory effect of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) in WT mice in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on the T reg cell function in ART2−/− mice. It also regulated the size and phenotype of the T reg cell pool in vivo[6]. Intravenous administration of NAD+ (10-20 mg/kg) to rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) dose-dependently reduced I/R-induced myocardial infarction, reduced the levels of TUNNEL signaling, Box and cleaved caspase-3, and increased Bcl-XL levels[7].
References:
[1] Pietrowska-Borek M, Dobrogojski J, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, et al. New insight into plant signaling: extracellular ATP and uncommon nucleotides[J]. Cells, 2020, 9(2): 345.
[2] Belenky P, Bogan K L, Brenner C. NAD+ metabolism in health and disease[J]. Trends in biochemical sciences, 2007, 32(1): 12-19.
[3] Guo C, Huang Q, Wang Y, et al. Therapeutic application of natural products: NAD+ metabolism as potential target[J]. Phytomedicine, 2023, 114: 154768.
[4] Alano C C, Tran A, Tao R, et al. Differences among cell types in NAD+ compartmentalization: a comparison of neurons, astrocytes, and cardiac myocytes[J]. Journal of neuroscience research, 2007, 85(15): 3378-3385.
[5] Tullius S G, Biefer H R C, Li S, et al. NAD+ protects against EAE by regulating CD4+ T-cell differentiation[J]. Nature communications, 2014, 5(1): 5101.
[6] Hubert S, Rissiek B, Klages K, et al. Extracellular NAD+ shapes the Foxp3+ regulatory T cell compartment through the ART2–P2X7 pathway[J]. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2010, 207(12): 2561-2568.
[7] Zhang Y, Wang B, Fu X, et al. Exogenous NAD+ administration significantly protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model[J]. American journal of translational research, 2016, 8(8): 3342.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
CD4+ T cells |
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Preparation Method |
CD4+ T cells were isolated from mouse spleens, 100μM NAD+ was added to the culture medium of the treated cells, and cell function and differentiation analysis was performed 72 hours after treatment. |
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Reaction Conditions |
100μM; 72 h |
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Applications |
NAD+ converts naïve CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th2 as well as Th17 cells. NAD+ induces a robust cytokine production in naïve CD4+ T cells but blocks cytokine production in differentiated cells. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
ART2−/−、 WT mice |
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Preparation Method |
Mice were treated i.v. with 10 or 60 mg NAD+ in 100–200µl PBS solution adjusted to pH 7.4. 24h later, single-cell suspensions prepared from LN, spleen, and blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. |
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Dosage form |
10 or 60mg/kg；i.v. |
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Applications |
Exogenous NAD+ reduced the suppressive effect of WT mice CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it had no effect on the function of T reg cells from ART2−/− mice. Exogenous NAD+ can modulate the size and the phenotype of the T reg cell pool in vivo. |
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References: [1] Tullius S G, Biefer H R C, Li S, et al. NAD+ protects against EAE by regulating CD4+ T-cell differentiation[J]. Nature communications, 2014, 5(1): 5101. [2] Hubert S, Rissiek B, Klages K, et al. Extracellular NAD+ shapes the Foxp3+ regulatory T cell compartment through the ART2–P2X7 pathway[J]. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2010, 207(12): 2561-2568. |
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| Cas No. | 53-84-9 | SDF | |
| Synonyms | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | ||
| Chemical Name | [[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)OCC3C(C(C(O3)N4C=NC5=C4N=CN=C5N)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N | ||
| Formula | C21H27N7O14P2 | M.Wt | 663.43 |
| Solubility | ≥ 28.55mg/mL in Water | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.5073 mL | 7.5366 mL | 15.0732 mL |
| 5 mM | 301.5 μL | 1.5073 mL | 3.0146 mL |
| 10 mM | 150.7 μL | 753.7 μL | 1.5073 mL |
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Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
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Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 24 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)