Cearoin increases autophagy and apoptosis through the production of ROS and the activation of ERK[1].
Cearoin (10-80 µM) induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner[1]. Cearoin (10-80 µM) increases the phosporylation of ERK in SH-SY5Y cells[1]. Cearoin (5-80 µM) increases the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression of LC3B-II is a good marker for autophagosome formation in the autophagy process[1].
References:
[1]. Tonking Bastola, et al. Cearoin Induces Autophagy, ERK Activation and Apoptosis via ROS Generation in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Molecules. 2017 Feb 6;22(2):242.