Chitosan oligosaccharide (MW 2000) is a natural oligomer derived from chitosan, with a molecular weight of 2000 Da. Chitosan oligosaccharide (MW 2000∼3000 Da) activates the P53, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. As an ideal immunopotentiator, chitosan oligosaccharide is mainly used as a feed additive in aquaculture [1].
In Vitro, Chitosan oligosaccharide (MW 2000∼3000 Da) activates the MAPK, NF-κB and p53 signaling pathways in head kidney macrophages of blunt snout bream in a time-dependent manner within 4-16 h[1]. Chitosan oligosaccharide (MW 2000∼3000 Da) at a concentration of 20 µg/mL for 16 h significantly induces apoptosis in head kidney macrophages of blunt snout bream[1].
References:
[1]. Wu C, et al. Immunomodulatory Effects and Induction of Apoptosis by Different Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Head Kidney Macrophages From Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Front Immunol. 2019 May 15;10:869.
In Vitro, Chitosan oligosaccharide (MW 2000∼3000 Da) activates the MAPK, NF-κB and p53 signaling pathways in head kidney macrophages of blunt snout bream in a time-dependent manner within 4-16 h[1]. Chitosan oligosaccharide (MW 2000∼3000 Da) at a concentration of 20 µg/mL for 16 h significantly induces apoptosis in head kidney macrophages of blunt snout bream[1].
References:
[1]. Wu C, et al. Immunomodulatory Effects and Induction of Apoptosis by Different Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Head Kidney Macrophages From Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Front Immunol. 2019 May 15;10:869.