IF 10
PMID: 38185232 ↗Ionomycin free acid
Catalog No.: GC15446Purity:>98.00%
Ionomycin free acid is a highly selective calcium ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 56092-81-0
1mgIn Stock
$112.00
1
| Pack Size | Price | Availability | Quantity | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg | $112.00 | In Stock | 1 |
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Citations
2 publicationsPublications from researchers using this productDescription
Ionomycin free acid is a highly selective calcium ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus. Ionomycin free acid binds Ca2+ and facilitates transport across biological membranes. Ionomycin free acid elevates cytosolic Ca2+ levels to activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways, induce apoptosis and autophagy. Ionomycin free acid is often used together with PMA to activate T cells and promote the production of cytokines such as IL-2. Ionomycin free acid can be used for research related to calcium signal transduction, apoptosis, immune activation and cytokine production[1-4].
In vitro, 1μM Ionomycin free acid treatment for 16 hours reduced degranulation and cytotoxic activity of NK cells against K562, Jurkat, Molt4 and 721.221 target cells. Ionomycin free aciddecreased IFN-γ production and impaired the ability of NK cells to form stable conjugates with target cells[5]. 1μM Ionomycin free acid treatment for 10 minutes in phosphate-buffered saline containing 1.5mM Ca2+ elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in L6 cells. Ionomycin free acid significantly increased cytoplasmic conductivity and decreased cytoplasmic permittivity[6]. 5-10μM Ionomycin free acid treatment for 2-10 minutes rapidly and persistently elevated cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in rat kidney cortical epithelial cells. Ionomycin free aciddissipated mitochondrial membrane potential and caused loss of cell viability[7].
In vivo, a single injection of 6μL 25μM Ionomycin free acid into the peroneal and tibial fascicles of the left sciatic nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats induced vesicular demyelination originating at paranodes and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and extending along compact internodal myelin[8]. A single injection of 0.5μL 2-50μM Ionomycin free acid at depths of 400μm and 700μm at the T10-T11 intervertebral space of Sprague-Dawley rats induced focal primary vesicular demyelinating lesions in the dorsal column, accompanied by oligodendrocyte damage, astrocyte edema and axonal degeneration[9]. Intratumoral injection of 100μg Ionomycin free acid 3 times per week for 4 weeks in BALB/c nu/nu mice subcutaneously inoculated with 5×10⁶ HT1376 cells reduced subcutaneous HT1376 tumor size. Ionomycin free acid downregulated intratumoral Bcl-2 mRNA expression and upregulated Bax mRNA expression[10].
References:
[1] Phillippe M, Chien EM, Freij M, et al. Ionomycin-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions. Am J Physiol. 1995 Oct;269(4 Pt 1):E779-85.
[2] Chen C, Sun T, Yin M,et al. Ionomycin-induced mouse oocyte activation can disrupt preimplantation embryo development through increased reactive oxygen species reaction and DNA damage. Mol Hum Reprod. 2020 Oct 1;26(10):773-783.
[3] Aiken EJ, Kilberg BG, Yu S, et al. Ionomycin-Induced Changes in Membrane Potential Alter Electroporation Outcomes in HL-60 Cells. Biophys J. 2018 Jun 19;114(12):2875-2886.
[4] Hunt JM, Silinsky EM. Ionomycin-induced acetylcholine release and its inhibition by adenosine at frog motor nerve endings. Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;110(2):828-32.
[5] Romera-Cardenas G, Thomas LM, Lopez-Cobo S, et al. Ionomycin treatment renders NK cells hyporesponsive. PLoS ONE. 2016 Mar 23;11(3):e0150998.
[6] Ferguson CA, Santangelo C, Marramiero L, et al. Broadband electrical spectroscopy to distinguish single-cell Ca2+ changes due to ionomycin treatment in a skeletal muscle cell line. Sensors. 2023 Apr 28;23(9):4358.
[7] Jiang T, Grant RL, Acosta D. A digitized fluorescence imaging study of intracellular free calcium, mitochondrial integrity and cytotoxicity in rat renal cells exposed to ionomycin, a calcium ionophore. Toxicology. 1993;85(1):41-65.
[8] Smith KJ, Hall SM. Peripheral demyelination and remyelination initiated by the calcium-selective ionophore ionomycin: in vivo observations. J Neurol Sci. 1988 Jun;83(1):37-53.
[9] Smith KJ, Hall SM. Central demyelination induced in vivo by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Brain. 1994;117(6):1351-6.
[10] Miyake H, Hara I, Yamanaka K, et al. Calcium ionophore, ionomycin inhibits growth of human bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo with alteration of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels. J Urol. 1999 Sep;162(3):916-21.
Protocol
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
|
Cell lines |
L6 cells (rat skeletal muscle myoblast cell line) |
|
Preparation Method |
L6 cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 5% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C, 5% CO2. Detached L6 cells were treated with 1μM Ionomycin free acid in PBS with 1.5mM Ca2+ for 10min at room temperature, then rinsed with Ca2+-free PBS and resuspended in 8.5% sucrose and 0.3% dextrose solution. |
|
Reaction Conditions |
1μM; 10min |
|
Applications |
Ionomycin free acid significantly increased cytoplasmic conductivity and decreased cytoplasmic permittivity |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
|
Animal models |
Female athymic nude mice (BALB/c nu/nu, 6-8 weeks old) |
|
Preparation Method |
Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5×106 HT1376 human bladder cancer cells in the flank. Starting 5 days after implantation, mice received intratumoral injection of 100μg Ionomycin free acid in 100μL PBS 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Tumor size (length×width) was measured with caliper at least twice weekly. In a separate combination arm, mice additionally received intraperitoneal injection of 50μg cisplatin in 100μL PBS 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Tumors were resected at 2 and 4 weeks for Northern blot analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA. |
|
Dosage form |
100μg per mouse; intratumoral; 3 times/week for 4 weeks |
|
Applications |
Ionomycin free acid reduced subcutaneous HT1376 tumor size in nude mice. Ionomycin free acid downregulated Bcl-2 mRNA and upregulated Bax mRNA in HT1376 tumor tissues. Combined intratumoral Ionomycin free acid plus intraperitoneal cisplatin further suppressed HT1376 tumor growth compared with either agent alone. |
References: [1] Ferguson CA, Santangelo C, Marramiero L, et al. Broadband electrical spectroscopy to distinguish single-cell Ca2+ changes due to ionomycin treatment in a skeletal muscle cell line. Sensors. 2023 Apr 28;23(9):4358. [2] Miyake H, Hara I, Yamanaka K, et al. Calcium ionophore, ionomycin inhibits growth of human bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo with alteration of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels. J Urol. 1999 Sep;162(3):916-21. | |
Product Documents
Purity:>98.00%Appearance:A jelly
Biological Data
1 / 1
Chemical Properties
CAS No.
56092-81-0
Chemical Name
(4R,6R,8R,10E,12S,14S,16E,18S,19S,20R,21S)-11,19,21-trihydroxy-22-((2R,2'R,5R,5'R)-5'-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2,5'-dimethyloctahydro-[2,2'-bifuran]-5-yl)-4,6,8,12,14,18,20-heptamethyl-9-oxodocosa-10,16-dienoic acid
SMILES
O[C@H](C)[C@]1(C)O[C@H](CC1)[C@]2(C)O[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)/C(O)=C\C([C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)=O)C)O)O)CC2
Molecular Formula
C41H72O9
Molecular Weight
709.01
Solubility
1.4mg/mL in DMSO, 2.5mg/mL in DMF
Storage
Desiccate at -20°C
General tips
Select a suitable solvent according to the product solubility data. Once prepared, aliquot the stock solution to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Use stock solutions within 6 months when stored at -80°C or within 1 month when stored at -20°C.
To improve solubility, warm the tube to 37°C and sonicate it for an appropriate period.
Use stock solutions within 6 months when stored at -80°C or within 1 month when stored at -20°C.
To improve solubility, warm the tube to 37°C and sonicate it for an appropriate period.
Shipping Condition
Evaluation samples are shipped with blue ice. Other available sizes are shipped at room temperature or with blue ice upon request.
CalculatorsMolarity / Dilution / Molecular Weight / Unit Conversion / In Vivo Formulation / Solubility
g/mol
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