(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) iodide is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial autophagy, inhibits the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide also has significant antifungal activity [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7].
In Vivo, (+)-Magnoflorine (1-10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for a month) iodide significantly improves the cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice[4]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10-20 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 15 days) iodide has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats[5]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 10 days) iodide relieves colitis induced by DDS in mice and the concurrent anxiety-like behaviors[6]. (+)-Magnoflorine (5-10 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 12 weeks) iodide exhibits renal protective effects in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet[7].
In Vitro, (+)-Magnoflorine iodide has significant antifungal activities against Penicillium avellaneum UC-4376, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophyte with MIC values of 5 μg/disc, 62.5 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively[1][2]. (+)-Magnoflorine (5-80 μM, 24 h) iodide inhibit the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of MG-63 and U-2 OS cells[3]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10-40 μM, 24 h) iodide upregulates miR-410-3p and thereby inhibits the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway[3]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10 μM, 27 h) iodide significantly reverses the decline in PC12 cell viability caused by Aβ1-42and reduces the apoptosis rate[4]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10 μM, 27 h) iodide significantly reduces the increase in intracellular ROS levels caused by Aβ1-42, and restores the damaged mitochondrial membrane potential[4]. (+)-Magnoflorine (0-50 μM, 24 h) iodide inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HK-2 cells by promoting Parkin-dependent mitochondrial autophagy[7].
References:
[1]. Chen JH, et al. Aporphine alkaloids from Clematis parviloba and their antifungal activity. Arch Pharm Res. 2009 Jan;32(1):3-5.
[2]. Luo N, et al. Antifungal activity and potential mechanism of magnoflorine against Trichophyton rubrum. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2021 Mar;74(3):206-214.
[3]. Wang Y, et al. Magnoflorine inhibits the malignant phenotypes and increases cisplatin sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells via regulating miR-410-3p/HMGB1/NF-κB pathway. Life Sci. 2020 Sep 1;256:117967.
[4]. Zhong L, et al. Magnoflorine improves cognitive deficits and pathology of Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting of JNK signaling pathway. Phytomedicine. 2023 Apr;112:154714.
[5]. Liang H, et al. Magnoflorine Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury via Autophagy/Sirt1/AMPK Signaling Pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Sep 10;2022:2131561.
[6]. Wang L, et al. Magnoflorine alleviates colitis-induced anxiety-like behaviors by regulating gut microbiota and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Microbiome. 2025 Jul 26;13(1):172.
[7]. Cheng Y, et al. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease in High-Fat and High-Fructose-Fed Mice by Promoting Parkin/PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy to Inhibit NLRP3/Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis. J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jun 5;72(22):12775-12787.
In Vivo, (+)-Magnoflorine (1-10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for a month) iodide significantly improves the cognitive dysfunction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice[4]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10-20 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 15 days) iodide has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats[5]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 10 days) iodide relieves colitis induced by DDS in mice and the concurrent anxiety-like behaviors[6]. (+)-Magnoflorine (5-10 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 12 weeks) iodide exhibits renal protective effects in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet[7].
In Vitro, (+)-Magnoflorine iodide has significant antifungal activities against Penicillium avellaneum UC-4376, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophyte with MIC values of 5 μg/disc, 62.5 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively[1][2]. (+)-Magnoflorine (5-80 μM, 24 h) iodide inhibit the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of MG-63 and U-2 OS cells[3]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10-40 μM, 24 h) iodide upregulates miR-410-3p and thereby inhibits the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway[3]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10 μM, 27 h) iodide significantly reverses the decline in PC12 cell viability caused by Aβ1-42and reduces the apoptosis rate[4]. (+)-Magnoflorine (10 μM, 27 h) iodide significantly reduces the increase in intracellular ROS levels caused by Aβ1-42, and restores the damaged mitochondrial membrane potential[4]. (+)-Magnoflorine (0-50 μM, 24 h) iodide inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HK-2 cells by promoting Parkin-dependent mitochondrial autophagy[7].
References:
[1]. Chen JH, et al. Aporphine alkaloids from Clematis parviloba and their antifungal activity. Arch Pharm Res. 2009 Jan;32(1):3-5.
[2]. Luo N, et al. Antifungal activity and potential mechanism of magnoflorine against Trichophyton rubrum. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2021 Mar;74(3):206-214.
[3]. Wang Y, et al. Magnoflorine inhibits the malignant phenotypes and increases cisplatin sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells via regulating miR-410-3p/HMGB1/NF-κB pathway. Life Sci. 2020 Sep 1;256:117967.
[4]. Zhong L, et al. Magnoflorine improves cognitive deficits and pathology of Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting of JNK signaling pathway. Phytomedicine. 2023 Apr;112:154714.
[5]. Liang H, et al. Magnoflorine Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury via Autophagy/Sirt1/AMPK Signaling Pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Sep 10;2022:2131561.
[6]. Wang L, et al. Magnoflorine alleviates colitis-induced anxiety-like behaviors by regulating gut microbiota and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Microbiome. 2025 Jul 26;13(1):172.
[7]. Cheng Y, et al. Magnoflorine Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease in High-Fat and High-Fructose-Fed Mice by Promoting Parkin/PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy to Inhibit NLRP3/Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis. J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jun 5;72(22):12775-12787.