NF-κB

Bay 11-7821 is an inhibitor of IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB, selectively and irreversibly inhibits TNF-α-induced IκB-α phosphorylation (IC 50 value is approximately 10μM), and reduces the expression of NF-κB and adhesion molecules. Bay 11-7821 inhibits ubiquitin-specific proteases USP7 and USP21 with IC 50 values of 0.19 and 0.96μM, respectively .

NMDA antagonist, novel and non-competitive

Vanillic acid is a natural phenolic acid compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hypoglycemic and anticancer pharmacological effects.

A NF-κB inhibitor

anti-metastatic agent

Triptolide is a diterpene triepoxide isolated for the first time from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibiting immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and antitumor effects.

CBL0137 (hydrochloride) is a water-soluble and metabolically stable non-genotoxic anticancer drug from the curaxins small molecule family. It can activate p53 and inhibit NF-κB, with EC 50 values of 0.37 and 0.47μM respectively.

Ac2-26 is an N-terminal peptide of annexin 1 with the activities of anti-inflammation.

antithyroid preparation

Emodin is a bioactive anthraquinone with anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and vasorelaxant effects.

PR 39 (porcine), a natural proline- and arginine-rich antibacterial peptide, is a noncompetitive, reversible and allosteric proteasome inhibitor.

anticarcinogenic drug

5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB.

NF-κB inhibitor

Sulfasalazine is a sulfonamide drug.

Inhibitor of NF-κB activation

Gliotoxin, an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains of Aspergillus and other fungi, is a specific inhibitor of 20S proteasomal chymotrypsin activity with an IC 50 of 10μM.

N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), as a quorum-sensing (QS) molecule produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, is a major inducer of oxidative stress indicated by a high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone generally obtained from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, commonly known as Ashwagandha.

Anasthetic and class Ib antiarrhythmic agent

Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene acid widely found in olives and other plants. Maslinic acid has multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, and neuroprotective.

Muscone is a bioactive component of musk and acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, reducing proinflammatory cytokines and end-plate degeneration .

A selective inhibitor of NF-κB activation

CHPG Sodium salt is a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) agonist.