Adenosine-5'-diphosphate (Synonyms: Adenosine Pyrophosphate,ADP,5′-ADP) |
| رقم الكتالوجGC11969 |
محفز مستقبلات البيورينية
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Cas No.: 58-64-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Adenosine-5'-diphosphate is a natural agonist for the purinergic P2Y receptors, including P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13, and can directly bind to and trigger downstream signaling cascades[1]. Purinergic receptors are a class of membrane molecules present in almost all mammalian tissues and are involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation and migration, vascular reactivity, apoptosis, and cytokine secretion[2]. Adenosine-5'-diphosphate is a natural purine nucleotide composed of a pyrophosphate group, ribose, and adenine, and is the main product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPase and can be rephosphorylated to ATP by ATP synthase[3]. As a downstream metabolite of ATP, Adenosine-5'-diphosphate activates purinergic receptors to participate in multiple cellular processes, such as respiration, biosynthetic reactions, cell movement, cell division, and the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells, and is commonly used to study platelet aggregation, antithrombotic mechanisms, and cellular energy metabolism[4][5].
In vitro, treatment of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cells with Adenosine-5'-diphosphate (100µM) for 24h significantly induces monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)/ C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression via P2Y13 receptors in an MEK/ERK-dependent manner[6].
In vivo, intravenous Adenosine-5'-diphosphate infusions of 2, 4, 8mg/kg/hour during 3 subsequent 20-minute periods in anesthetized Wistar rats induces systemic and renal vasodilation, leading to a gradual, dose-dependent 15% decrease in mean arterial pressure, a sustained increase in renal blood flow, and a 25% decrease in renal vascular resistance, while renal medullary perfusion remains unaffected[7].
References:
[1] Li Y, Yin C, Liu P, Li D, Lin J. Identification of a Different Agonist-Binding Site and Activation Mechanism of the Human P2Y1 Receptor. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13764.
[2] Huang Z, Xie N, Illes P, et al. From purines to purinergic signalling: molecular functions and human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6(1):162.
[3] Bjelobaba I, Janjic MM, Stojilkovic SS. Purinergic signaling pathways in endocrine system. Auton Neurosci. 2015;191:102-116.
[4] Liu Y, Niu H, Wang C, et al. Bio-inspired, bio-degradable adenosine 5'-diphosphate-modified hyaluronic acid coordinated hydrophobic undecanal-modified chitosan for hemostasis and wound healing. Bioact Mater. 2022;17:162-177.
[5] Jacobson KA, Ivanov AA, de Castro S, Harden TK, Ko H. Development of selective agonists and antagonists of P2Y receptors. Purinergic Signal. 2009;5(1):75-89.
[6] Yokota S, Chosa N, Matsumoto S, Satoh K, Ishisaki A. Extracellular adenosine 5'-diphosphate promotes MCP-1/CCL2 expression via the P2Y13 purinergic receptor/ERK signaling axis in temporomandibular joint-derived mouse fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Mol Biol Rep. 2023;50(2):1595-1602.
[7] Roszkowska-Chojecka MM, Walkowska A, Sadowski J, Dobrowolski L. Clopidogrel Partially Counteracts Adenosine-5'-Diphosphate Effects on Blood Pressure and Renal Hemodynamics and Excretion in Rats. Am J Med Sci. 2018;356(3):287-295.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Fibroblast-like synoviocyte 1 (FLS1) cells |
Preparation Method | FLS1 cells were cultured in Ham’s F-12 medium containing 10% FBS, 2mM glutamine, 100U/mL penicillin, and 100 µg/mL streptomycin. To evaluate MCP-1/CCL2 mRNA expression, these cells were treated with 100µM Adenosine-5'-diphosphate for 24h. Prior to Adenosine-5'-diphosphate administration, the cells were pre-treated for 30min with P2Y purinergic receptor antagonists MRS 2179, AR-C 66096, and MRS 2211 to evaluate the effects of these antagonists on the Adenosine-5'-diphosphate-induced promotion of MCP-1/CCL2 expression. |
Reaction Conditions | 100μM; 24h |
Applications | Adenosine-5'-diphosphate significantly induces monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)/ C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression via P2Y13 receptors in an MEK/ERK-dependent manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Wistar rats |
Preparation Method | Male Wistar normotensive rats weighing 220-245g were accustomed to the housing during a few days preceding chronic experiments. Rats were maintained under controlled temperature (22°C-24°C) at 40-60% humidity in a 12/12 hour light/dark cycle. Adenosine-5'-diphosphate(ADP) was applied in the rats that were either untreated (ADP group; n=6) or chronically pretreated with clopidogrel (Clo+ADP group; n=7). After the equilibration period, 2 30-minute control saline infusion periods were performed, followed by infusion of Adenosine-5'-diphosphate at 2, 4 and 8mg/kg/hour during 3 subsequent 20-minute periods, respectively. After cessation of drug infusion, 3 30-minute saline infusion recovery periods were performed. In a parallel time-control group, ADP was replaced by saline (n=6). Urine volume was determined gravimetrically. Urinary and plasma osmolality (Uosm, Posm) were measured using a cryoscopic osmometer. |
Dosage form | 2, 4 and 8mg/kg/hour during 3 subsequent 20-minute periods; intravenous infusion |
Applications | Adenosine-5'-diphosphate induces systemic and renal vasodilation, leading to a decrease in mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance, while increasing renal blood flow. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 58-64-0 | SDF | |
| المرادفات | Adenosine Pyrophosphate,ADP,5′-ADP | ||
| Chemical Name | adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O[C@H]1[C@H](N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)O[C@H](COP(OP(O)(O)=O)(O)=O)[C@H]1O | ||
| Formula | C10H15N5O10P2 | M.Wt | 427.2 |
| الذوبان | ≥ 21.35mg/mL in DMSO with gentle warming; 40 mg/mL in Water | Storage | Store at -20°C,protect from light |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
|
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.3408 mL | 11.7041 mL | 23.4082 mL |
| 5 mM | 468.2 μL | 2.3408 mL | 4.6816 mL |
| 10 mM | 234.1 μL | 1.1704 mL | 2.3408 mL |
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