Protamine sulfate |
رقم الكتالوجGC62048
One-Click Copy Product Info
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يمكن لكبريتات البروتامين، الببتيد المضاد للشحنة المتعددة والعامل المضاد للهيبارين، تحييد التأثير المضاد للجلطات الذي يسببه الهيبارين وزراعة جديدة من خلاصة الدهون.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 9009-65-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Protamine sulfate is an effective inhibitor of heparin and is used clinically to neutralize both low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and unfractionated heparins (UFH). Protamine sulfate, a strongly basic arginine-rich peptide (≈67% arginine), exhibits mild anticoagulant effects alone but reverses heparin's anticoagulant activity upon co-administration[1]. Protamine sulfate can also enhance the cell transduction efficiency of retroviruses or lentiviruses[2].
In vitro, Protamine sulfate (0-100µg/mL; 7 days) did not affect the viability of hMSCs[2]. Protamine sulfate (50-100µg/mL; 24h) dose-dependently enhanced lentiviral transduction efficiency in hMSCs at an Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) of 5[2]. Protamine sulfate (5-10µg/mL; 24-48h) promoted viral transduction in various cell types, including NIH 3T3 and CFU-S, with infection efficiency comparable to that of polybrene[3]. Protamine sulfate (10µg/mL; 48h) enhanced lentivirus pseudotyped with VSV-G transduction efficiency in NK-92 at an MOI of 10[4].
In vivo, Protamine sulfate (0.5mg/kg; i.v.; once) essentially completely neutralizes the anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparin administered by weight-based dosing in primates[1]. Zebrafish exposed to Protamine sulfate (1–100µg/mL) in E3 medium for 24-48h showed reduced heart rate at 5-10µg/mL; pericardial edema and uninflated swim bladder at 10µg/mL and complete or near-complete lethality at 50-100µg/mL[5]. Protamine sulfate (1.5mg/kg; i.v.; once) elevated mean blood pressure and heart rate, whereas a higher dose (10mg/kg) significantly reduced blood pressure, accompanied by changes in oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, end-tidal CO₂, and peripheral perfusion in rats[5].
References:
[1] Kouta A, Jeske W, Cera L, et al. Protamine Sulfate Neutralization Profile of Various Dosages of Bovine, Ovine and Porcine UFHs and Their Depolymerized Derivatives in Non-Human Primates. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2021;27:10760296211005544.
[2] Lin P, Lin Y, Lennon DP, Correa D, Schluchter M, Caplan AI. Efficient lentiviral transduction of human mesenchymal stem cells that preserves proliferation and differentiation capabilities. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2012;1(12):886-897.
[3] Cornetta K, Anderson WF. Protamine sulfate as an effective alternative to polybrene in retroviral-mediated gene-transfer: implications for human gene therapy. J Virol Methods. 1989;23(2):187-194.
[4] Gong Y, Klein Wolterink RGJ, Janssen I, Groot AJ, Bos GMJ, Germeraad WTV. Rosuvastatin Enhances VSV-G Lentiviral Transduction of NK Cells via Upregulation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020;17:634-646.
[5] Miklosz J, Kalaska B, Podlasz P, et al. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Toxicity of Protamine Sulfate in Zebrafish and Rodent Models. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(3):359.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
hMSCs |
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Preparation Method |
Trypsinized cells were washed, and then resuspended at 2×104 cells per milliliter. For the Protamine sulfate experiment, the cell suspension was additionally supplemented with Protamine sulfate to obtain final concentrations of 0, 50, and 100μg/ml. The cells were seeded into 96-well plates at 1×103 cells per 50μl per well in triplicate and cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2. After 7 days, the medium was removed and the plate was placed in the -80°C freezer until the day of analysis. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0-100µg/ml; 7d |
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Applications |
There was no statistical difference in cell proliferation between untreated cells and cells treated with Protamine sulfate at 0-100µg/ml tested for an extended period of time (7 days). |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Primates |
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Preparation Method |
Heparins were administered at an equi-gravimetric dose (0.5mg/kg) intravenously via the saphenous vein. However, low molecular weight heparins were administered at a dose of 1mg/kg intravenously via the saphenous vein. 15 minutes post drug administration, a second blood sample was collected, and primates were immediately treated with a 1mg/kg i.v. dose of Protamine sulfate or an equivalent volume of saline. Additional blood samples were collected at 15-, 45- and 120-minutes post Protamine sulfate administration. |
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Dosage form |
0.5mg/kg; i.v.; once |
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Applications |
Protamine sulfate can essentially completely neutralize the anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparins administered by weight-based dosing. Neutralization of low molecular weight heparins is typically incomplete. |
References: [1]Lin P, Lin Y, Lennon DP, Correa D, Schluchter M, Caplan AI. Efficient lentiviral transduction of human mesenchymal stem cells that preserves proliferation and differentiation capabilities. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2012;1(12):886-897. [2] Kouta A, Jeske W, Cera L, et al. Protamine Sulfate Neutralization Profile of Various Dosages of Bovine, Ovine and Porcine UFHs and Their Depolymerized Derivatives in Non-Human Primates. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2021;27:10760296211005544. | |
| Cas No. | 9009-65-8 | SDF | |
| Formula | M.Wt | ||
| الذوبان | H2O : ≥ 33.33 mg/mL | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 38 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)