(S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (sodium salt) (Synonyms: (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoate, (S)-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid) |
| رقم الكتالوجGC41732 |
(S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (sodium salt) is a raw material used for synthesizing fine chemicals with optical activity. It is usually synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A, and this process is catalyzed by β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.
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Cas No.: 127604-16-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
(S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (sodium salt) is a raw material used for synthesizing fine chemicals with optical activity. It is usually synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A, and this process is catalyzed by β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase [1-2]. (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate is the enantiomer of the naturally occurring ketone body β-hydroxybutyric acid, and the latter is the (R) isomer [3]. (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate exists as a metabolite in the human body and is commonly seen in ketosis. (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate plays an important intermediate role in the synthesis of various compounds such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. In laboratory applications, (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate is widely used to study the effects of metabolic processes on different cell types [4].
In vitro, (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160μM; 6, 12, 18, 24, 30h) treatment enhanced the cell viability of mouse hippocampal neuron cells (HT22) with glucose deficiency, decreased the expression of phosphorylated Tau protein and increased the expression of mtDNA-CN and maintained the mitochondrial morphology [5]. (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (10mM; 48h) treatment significantly reduced the percentage of apoptosis in mouse glial cells and increased the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm [6].
In vivo, (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (25, 50, and 100mg/kg/day; 21 days; oral) treatment significantly inhibited the loss of muscle weight, muscle fiber size, and muscle fiber diameter in the hind limb empty-load mouse model, and promoted positive balance of proteins and nucleotides, enhanced glutamate accumulation and reduced uric acid consumption in the muscles [7]. (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate (150mg/day; 5 days; s.c.) treatment could safely prevent muscle weakness in septic mice without increasing the incidence or mortality risk. However, doses of 180mg/day and higher would cause significant metabolic alkalosis and hypernatremia as well as increased markers of kidney injury in mice [8].
References:
[1] Tseng, H.-C., Martin, C.H., Nielsen, D.R., et al. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced production of (R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75(10), 3137-3145 (2009).
[2] Ploux O, Masamune S, Walsh CT. The NADPH-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera. Characterization and mechanistic studies of the cloned enzyme over-produced in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1988 May 16;174(1):177-82.
[3] Budin N, Higgins E, DiBernardo A, et al. Efficient synthesis of the ketone body ester (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate and its (S, S) enantiomer[J]. Bioorganic Chemistry, 2018, 80: 560-564.
[4] Mierziak J, Burgberger M, Wojtasik W. 3-Hydroxybutyrate as a metabolite and a signal molecule regulating processes of living organisms[J]. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(3): 402.
[5] Hu X, Lin Y, Huang K, et al. 3-Hydroxybutyrate, a metabolite in sustaining neuronal cell vitality: a mendelian randomization and in vitro experimentation[J]. Nutrition & Metabolism, 2025, 22(1): 75.
[6] Xiao XQ, Zhao Y, Chen GQ. The effect of 3-hydroxybutyrate and its derivatives on the growth of glial cells. Biomaterials. 2007;28(25):3608-3616.
[7] Chen J, Li Z, Zhang Y, et al. Mechanism of reduced muscle atrophy via ketone body (D)-3-hydroxybutyrate[J]. Cell & Bioscience, 2022, 12(1): 94.
[8] Weckx R, Goossens C, Derde S, et al. Identification of the toxic threshold of 3-hydroxybutyrate-sodium supplementation in septic mice[J]. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2021, 22(1): 50.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | HT22 cells |
Preparation Method | To assess the effect of 3HB on neuronal cells, a glucose deprivation (GD) HT22 cell model was established in the research. HT22 cells were cultured in 96-well plates at an initial density of 4000 cells/well for 24h. After 24h, the standard growth medium (containing 4.5g/L D-glucose) was replaced with glucose-free DMEM culture medium. At the same time, (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160µM) was also used for treating the cells for different durations (6, 12, 18, 24, 30h). HT22 cell viability was evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. |
Reaction Conditions | 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160μM; 6, 12, 18, 24, 30h |
Applications | (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate treatment enhanced the cell viability of mouse hippocampal neuron cells. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | C57BL / 6J mice |
Preparation Method | The hindlimb unloading-induced (HU) muscle atrophy model in mice was established by suspending their tails on the top of a single cage. In this model, the hindlimbs were not allowed to touch the ground, while the forelimbs could move freely on the ground and could obtain water and food at will. Mice were weighed and grouped into three clusters of 5 mice each: Control (ground control group), HU group, and HU + (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate group. Before the mice were suspended with their hindlimbs, (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate or an equal volume of deionized water were administrated in the pretreatment period for 7 days, then continued for another 14 days during the hindlimb unloading model construction. (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate and deionized water were administrated for 21 days by oral gavage once a day at 8:00 a.m. Kill the mice to obtain muscle tissues, and then conduct immunohistochemical and metabolomics analyses. |
Dosage form | 25, 50, and 100mg/kg/day; 21 days; oral |
Applications | (S)-3-Hydroxybutyrate treatment significantly inhibited the loss of muscle weight, muscle fiber size and muscle fiber diameter in mice, and promoted positive balance of proteins and nucleotides, enhanced glutamate accumulation and reduced the consumption of uric acid in the muscles. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 127604-16-4 | SDF | |
| المرادفات | (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoate, (S)-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid | ||
| Chemical Name | 3S-hydroxy-butanoic acid, monosodium salt | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [O-]C(C[C@@H](O)C)=O.[Na+] | ||
| Formula | C4H7O3•Na | M.Wt | 126.1 |
| الذوبان | 5mg/mL in ethanol | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 7.9302 mL | 39.6511 mL | 79.3021 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.586 mL | 7.9302 mL | 15.8604 mL |
| 10 mM | 793 μL | 3.9651 mL | 7.9302 mL |
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