Gliquidone (Synonyms: AR-DF 26)

Gliquidone is an antagonist of ATP-sensitive K+ channel with IC50 value of 27.2 nM [1].

ATP-sensitive K+ channel is a type of K+ channel that is gated by intracellular ATP and ADP. ATP-sensitive K+ channel mainly exists in plasma membrane.

Gliquidone is an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist. In mice, gliquidone (10 or 40 μg) antagonized morphine (20 mg/kg) induced hypermotility in a dose-dependent way. These results suggested that ATP-sensitive K+ channels played an important role in morphine-induced hypermotility [1]. In mice, gliquidone (2-8 μg) antagonized the antinociceptive effect induced by R-PIA (the adenosine A1 receptor agonist) in a dose-dependent way, which suggested that ATP-sensitive K+ channels mediated antinociception induced by R-PIA [2].

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, gliquidone reduced the mean plasma glucose levels by 15% and increased insulin levels by 40% [3]. In Caucasian patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after kidney transplantation, gliquidone reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 154 mg/dl to 120 mg/dl [4].

References:
[1].  Ocaña M, Del Pozo E, Baeyens JM. Gliquidone, an ATP-dependent K+ channel antagonist, antagonizes morphine-induced hypermotility. Eur J Pharmacol, 1993, 239(1-3): 253-255.
[2].  Ocaña M, Baeyens JM. Role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in antinociception induced by R-PIA, an adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 1994, 350(1): 57-62.
[3].  von Nicolai H, Brickl R, Eschey H, et al. Duration of action and pharmacokinetics of the oral antidiabetic drug gliquidone in patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. Arzneimittelforschung, 1997, 47(3): 247-252.
[4].  Tuerk TR, Bandur S, Nuernberger J, et al. Gliquidone therapy of new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. Clin Nephrol, 2008, 70(1): 26-32.