Apelin-12 (human, mouse, rat, bovine) (acetate) (Synonyms: RPRLSHKGPMPF) |
Catalog No.GC52427 |
An endogenous agonist of the APJ receptor
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
Apelin-12 is a 12-amino acid peptide fragment corresponding to residues 66-77 of apelin and an endogenous agonist of the apelin receptor (APJ), with roles in viral immunity, digestion, cell cycle regulation, and vasodilation.1 It induces calcium mobilization in APJ-Gαq16 cells expressing human APJ (EC50 = 0.18 nM). Apelin-12 inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in NP-2/CD4/APJ cells (mean IC50 = 63 µg/ml).2 It inhibits or stimulates the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, mitosis, and DNA repair in IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells, respectively, when used at a concentration of 0.01 µM.3 Apelin-12 (100-1,000 nM) induces the production of nitric oxide (NO) via PI3K and Akt signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).4 In vivo, apelin-12 (20-100 µg/kg) increases gastric acid secretion, as well as stomach histamine synthesis and secretion, in rats.5 It also reduces mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rats when administered at a dose of 15 µg/kg.6
1.Giddings, A., Runyon, S., Thomas, J., et al.Development of a functional HTS assay for the APJ receptorInt. J. High Throughput Screen.139-47(2010) 2.Zou, M.X., Liu, H.Y., Haraguchi, Y., et al.Apelin peptides block the entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)FEBS Lett.473(1)15-18(2000) 3.Antushevich, H., Krawczynska, A., Kapica, M., et al.Effect of apelin on mitosis, apoptosis and DNA repair enzyme OGG 1/2 expression in intestinal cell lines IEC-6 and Caco-2Folia Histochem. Cytobiol.52(1)51-59(2014) 4.Busch, R., Strohbach, A., Pennewitz, M., et al.Regulation of the endothelial apeliPJ system by hemodynamic fluid flowCell. Signal.27(7)1286-1296(2015) 5.Ohno, S., Yakabi, K., Ro, S., et al.Apelin-12 stimulates acid secretion through an increase of histamine release in rat stomachsRegul. Pept.174(1-3)71-79(2012) 6.Lee, D.K., Saldivia, V.R., Nguyen, T., et al.Modification of the terminal residue of apelin-13 antagonizes its hypotensive actionEndocrinology146(1)231-236(2005)
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