Prostaglandin E2-d4 (Synonyms: Dinoprostoned4, PGE2d4)

Prostaglandin E₂-d₄ (PGE₂-d₄) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3', 4, and 4' positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE₂ by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGE₂ is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.^1,2,3,4 The effects of PGE₂ are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP₁, EP₂, EP₃, and EP₄.⁵ The affinity constants (K_d) of PGE₂ for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.

1.Willis, A.L., and Cornelsen, M.Repeated injection of prostaglandin E2 in rat paws induces chronic swelling and a marked decrease in pain thresholdProstaglandins3(3)353-357(1973) 2.Jackson, G.M., Sharp, H.T., and Varner, M.W.Cervical ripening before induction of labor: A randomized trial of prostaglandin E2 gel versus low-dose oxytocinAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.171(4)1092-1096(1994) 3.Robert, A., Schultz, J.R., Nezamis, J.E., et al.Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer properties of PGE2, 15-methyl PGE2, and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2. Intravenous, oral and intrajejunal administrationGastroenterology70(3)359-370(1976) 4.Arvind, P., Papavassiliou, E.D., Tsioulias, G.J., et al.Prostaglandin E2 down-regulates the expression of HLA-DR antigen in human colon adenocarcinoma cell linesBiochemistry34(16)5604-5609(1995) 5.Coleman, R.A., Smith, W.L., and Narumiya, S.International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: Properties, distribution, and structure of the receptors and their subtypesPharmacol. Rev.46(2)205-229(1994)