Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside (Synonyms: Trifolin)

Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside is a flavonoid that has been found in C. vulgaris and has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.^1,2,3 It inhibits secretory phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂) with an IC₅₀ value of 17.6 µM.¹ Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside (12.5, 25, and 50 µM) decreases protein levels of Akt and induces apoptosis in NCI H460 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.² It scavenges DPPH radicals and superoxide anions in cell-free assays when used at a concentration of 200 µg/ml.³ Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside reduces ear and paw edema induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and carrageenan, respectively, in mice when administered at a dose of 150 mg/kg.¹

1.Gil, B., Sanz, M.J., Terencio, M.C., et al.Effects of flavonoids on Naja naja and human recombinant synovial phospholipases A2 and inflammatory responses in miceLife Sci.54(20)PL333-PL338(1994) 2.Kim, M.-J., Kwon, S.-B., Kim, M.-S., et al.Trifolin induces apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in the NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung-cancer cell linePhytomedicine23(10)998-1004(2016) 3.Deliorman-Orhan, D., ?enol, S., Kartal, M., et al.Assessment of antiradical potential of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull and its major flavonoidJ. Sci. Fd. Agric.89(5)809-814(2009)