L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride |
Catalog No.GC32484
One-Click Copy Product Info
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L-호모시스테인 티오락톤 염산염은 호모시스테인의 분자내 티오에스테르입니다. 단백질로 호모시스테인의 번역 통합을 방지합니다.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 31828-68-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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L-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride is an intramolecular thioester of homocysteine; prevents translational incorporation of homocysteine into proteins.
In all cell types, from bacterial to human, homocysteine is metabolized to homocysteine thiolactone by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. Elevated levels of homocysteine are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans. Homocysteine can be harmful to human cells because of its metabolic conversion to homocysteine thiolactone, a reactive thioester. This conversion occurs in all human cell types, including endothelial cells[1]. Homocysteine thiolactone induces cell death and features of apoptosis including increased phosphotidylserine exposure on the membrane surface, increased apoptotic cells with hypoploid DNA contents, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells[2]. Homocysteine thiolactone is cytotoxic and capable of promoting cell death, as measured by caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. HcyT strongly activates IL-8 release[3].
Homocysteine thiolactone is toxic, induces epileptic seizures in rodents, and has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease[4]. Homocysteine thiolactone induces two types of seizures, the coexistence of convulsive and nonconvulsive epilepsy. The grade of seizures is dose dependent[5].
[1]. Jakubowski H, et al. Homocysteine thiolactone: metabolic origin and protein homocysteinylation in humans. J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):377S-381S. [2]. Huang RF, et al. Homocysteine thiolactone induces apoptotic DNA damage mediated by increased intracellularhydrogen peroxide and caspase 3 activation in HL-60 cells. Life Sci. 2001 May 11;68(25):2799-811. [3]. Kerkeni M, et al. Comparative study on in vitro effects of homocysteine thiolactone and homocysteine on HUVECcells: evidence for a stronger proapoptotic and proinflammative homocysteine thiolactone. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Oct;291(1-2):119-26. [4]. Borowczyk K, et al. Metabolism and neurotoxicity of homocysteine thiolactone in mice: evidence for a protective role of paraoxonase 1. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30(2):225-31. [5]. Stanojlovi? O, et al. Two types of seizures in homocysteine thiolactone-treated adult rats, behavioral and electroencephalographic study. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2009 May;29(3):329-39.
Cell experiment: | HUVEC are treated with homocysteine (1, 5, 10 mM) or homocysteine thiolactone (0.25, 0.5, 1 mM) for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Cell survival is determined by the MTT method. The optical density is measured at 570 nm with 630 nm as a reference[3]. |
Animal experiment: | Rats: Homocysteine thiolactone is freshly prepared in saline and administered in a volume of 1.0 mL/100 g body weight. Rats are divided into control (saline-injected) group and homocysteine thiolactone-treated group. The latter group receives different doses 5.5 mM/kg, 8.0 mM/kg, and 11.0 mM/kg, respectively. Each rat is used only once[5]. |
References: [1]. Jakubowski H, et al. Homocysteine thiolactone: metabolic origin and protein homocysteinylation in humans. J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):377S-381S. | |
| Cas No. | 31828-68-9 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | N[C@@H](CCS1)C1=O.Cl | ||
| Formula | C4H8ClNOS | M.Wt | 153.63 |
| Solubility | Water : ≥ 23 mg/mL (149.71 mM) | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.5091 mL | 32.5457 mL | 65.0915 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3018 mL | 6.5091 mL | 13.0183 mL |
| 10 mM | 650.9 μL | 3.2546 mL | 6.5091 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)
Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 20 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)