Myrtillin (Synonyms: Delphinidin-3-β-D-glucoside chloride, Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, Delphinin)

Myrtillin (Delphinidin 3-o-glucoside) is a kind of anthocyanin monomer, which is mainly distributed in various plants and can be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Mass spectrometry (Mass) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

Myrtillin at 50 uM does not affect cell viability, also showing that delphinidin in association with lipopolysaccharide was able to induce MSC proliferation. Additionally, delphinidin modulated the MSC immune response, showing increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β as well as lower expression of NFκB^[2]. Myrtillin showed potential for binding with and inhibiting immune checkpoints, PD-1 and PD-L1, which can activate immune response in the tumor microenvironment and induce cancer cell death^[3].

Myrtillin (20 mg/kg) decreased serum TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Myrtillin (20 mg/kg) also reduced lipid levels in the liver and aorta. Myrtillin (20 mg/kg) down-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-6, VCAM-1, and NF-κB and up-regulated the mRNA levels of GSH-PX and SOD1.DP alleviated the HFD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis rabbits^[1].

References:
[1]: Sun B, Li F, et,al.Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, an active compound of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces, inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in rabbits with atherosclerosis. Pharm Biol. 2022 Dec;60(1):247-254. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2017469. PMID: 35130117; PMCID: PMC8823684.
[2]: Bruna Roberta Oliveira Neves, Sumara de Freitas, et,al. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside in vitro suppresses NFκB and changes the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells affecting macrophage activation,Nutrition,2022,111853,ISSN 0899-9007,
[3]: Mazewski C, Kim MS,et,al. Anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit immune checkpoints in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 9;9(1):11560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47903-0. PMID: 31399602; PMCID: PMC6689002.