Signaling Pathways

Research Area, Signaling Pathways | GlpBio Life Science Products Suppliers

The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), a humanized or human monoclonal antibody conjugated with highly cytotoxic small molecules (payloads) through chemical linkers, is a novel therapeutic format and has great potential to make a paradigm shift in cancer chemotherapy. The three components of the ADC together give rise to a powerful oncolytic agent capable of delivering normally intolerable cytotoxins directly to cancer cells, which then internalize and release the cell-destroying drugs. At present, two ADCs, Adcetris and Kadcyla, have received regulatory approval with >40 others in clinical development.

ADCs are administered intravenously in order to prevent the mAb from being destroyed by gastric acids and proteolytic enzymes. The mAb component of the ADC enables it to circulate in the bloodstream until it finds and binds to tumor-specific cell surface antigens present on target cancer cells. Linker chemistry is an important determinant of the safety, specificity, potency and activity of ADCs. Linkers are designed to be stable in the blood stream (to conform to the increased circulation time of mAbs) and labile at the cancer site to allow rapid release of the cytotoxic drug. First generation ADCs made use of early cytotoxins such as the anthracycline, doxorubicin or the anti-metabolite/antifolate agent, methotrexate. Current cytotoxins have far greater potency and can be divided into three main groups: auristatins, maytansines and calicheamicins.

The development of site-specific conjugation methodologies for constructing homogeneous ADCs is an especially promising path to improving ADC design, which will open the way for novel cancer therapeutics.

References:

[1] Tsuchikama K, et al. Protein Cell. 2016 Oct 14. DOI:10.1007/s13238-016-0323-0.

[2] Peters C, et al. Biosci Rep. 2015 Jun 12;35(4). pii: e00225. doi: 10.1042/BSR20150089.

Products Related to Signaling Pathways(40938)

GC81392 8-Oxo-dGTP trisodium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >98.50%
8-Oxo-dGTP (8-Oxo-Deoxyguanosine triphosphate) trisodium solution (100mM) is an oxidized guanine nucleotide formed by ROS-mediated oxidative modification of dGTP, and it also serves as a key substrate for 8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolases (such as hMTH1 and E.
GC81393 KP-1212
CAS: 114522-16-6
Purity: >99.00%
KP-1212 is a nucleoside.
GC81394 PPA-037 TFA
Purity: >99.00%
PPA-037 TFA is an orally active, highly potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 ( CDK12 ).
GC81395 ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM)
Purity: >98.00%
ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM) is an endogenously produced pyrimidine base analog with a K d of 17.0 nM for LLDH and an IC 50 of 55.8 μM for GAPDH.
GC81396 ARCA triammonium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >98.00%
ARCA (triammonium) solution (100 mM) (Anti-Reverse cap analog triammonium solution (100 mM); m 2 7,3'O Gppp triammonium solution (100 mM)) is a 5′-cap analog.
GC81397 7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)
CAS: 75252-12-9
Purity: >98.50%
7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate (m7Gp3G) ammonium is an mRNA cap structure analog that inhibits in vitro protein synthesis by binding to the translation initiation complex.
GC81398 m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >99.00%
m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM) is a cap analog that can be used for in vitro transcription of mRNA.
GC81399 m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >98.50%
m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium, a cap analogue derived from patent WO2023159930A1, can be used for the synthesis of mRNA [1] .
GC81400 Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >99.00%
Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium is a XRN1 inhibitor ( IC 50 = 36 nM).
GC81401 DD04107
CAS: 1202877-06-2
Purity: >99.50%
DD04107 is a neuronal exocytosis inhibitor with a rat Syt1-C2B domain binding K d of 2.4 μM.
GC81402 Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium solution (100mM)
Purity: >98.50%
Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium is a thiophosphonate analogue of ATP.
GC81403 Allyl thiosulfate
CAS: 6363-01-5
Purity: >99.50%
Allyl thiosulfate (Sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate) is found in Allium plants such as garlic and onion.
GC81404 Citramalic acid
CAS: 597-44-4
Purity: >99.00%
Citramalic acid is an organic acid and soil phosphorus-solubilizing agent.
GC81405 4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride
Purity: >98.50%
4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride is a photodegradation product of Eumelanin.
GC81406 Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate
Purity: >99.50%
Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate is a cysteine derivative.
GC81407 (S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid
CAS: 2185-16-2
Purity: >97.00%
(S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid is an adamantane-labeled glutamine analog [1] .
GC81408 Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0)
Purity: >98.00%
Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0) is an electron microscopy negative stain.
GC81409 Ehrlich's Reagent
Purity: >98.00%
Ehrlich's Reagent is an indicator with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde as its core component.
GC81413 Biotin-7-GMP lithium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM)
Purity: >99.50%
Biotin-7-GMP (5'-Biotin-G-monophosphate) lithium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM) is a 5'-biotinylated guanosine monophosphate reagent.
GC81414 S-Adenosyl-L-ethionine
CAS: 524-70-9
Purity: >99.50%
S-Adenosyl-L-ethionine is S-Adenosyl-L-methione analog.
GC81415 Methyl Green Staining Solution (Chloroform-Extracted, 1%)
Purity: >98.00%
Methyl Green Staining Solution (Chloroform-Extracted, 1%) is a basic dye stock solution with differential nucleic acid binding activity that distinguishes double-stranded DNA from RNA, and it can be used for assays related to nucleic acid distribution and DNA localization.
GC81420 (-)-Aspartic acid-d 3
CAS: 1202063-44-2
Purity: >99.50%
(-)-Aspartic acid -d 3 ((R)-Aspartic acid-d 3 ) is the deuterium labeled (-)-Aspartic acid.
GC81421 ZY-2 (solution)
Purity: >98.00%
ZY-2 (solution) is a fluorescent probe targeting pyruvate kinase M2 ( PKM2 ) with an excitation wavelength of 419 nm.
GC81422 LY4101174 Antibody
Purity: >99.00%
LY4101174 Antibody (15A7.5; ETx-22 Antibody) is an ADC antibody that serves as the antibody component of LY4101174.

Category Product List
Catalog No.	Product Name	CAS No.	Purity
GC81392	8-Oxo-dGTP trisodium solution (100 mM)	-	>98.50%
GC81392	8-Oxo-dGTP (8-Oxo-Deoxyguanosine triphosphate) trisodium solution (100mM) is an oxidized guanine nucleotide formed by ROS-mediated oxidative modification of dGTP, and it also serves as a key substrate for 8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolases (such as hMTH1 and E.
GC81393	KP-1212	114522-16-6	>99.00%
GC81393	KP-1212 is a nucleoside.
GC81394	PPA-037 TFA	-	>99.00%
GC81394	PPA-037 TFA is an orally active, highly potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 ( CDK12 ).
GC81395	ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM)	-	>98.00%
GC81395	ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM) is an endogenously produced pyrimidine base analog with a K d of 17.0 nM for LLDH and an IC 50 of 55.8 μM for GAPDH.
GC81396	ARCA triammonium solution (100 mM)	-	>98.00%
GC81396	ARCA (triammonium) solution (100 mM) (Anti-Reverse cap analog triammonium solution (100 mM); m 2 7,3'O Gppp triammonium solution (100 mM)) is a 5′-cap analog.
GC81397	7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)	75252-12-9	>98.50%
GC81397	7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate (m7Gp3G) ammonium is an mRNA cap structure analog that inhibits in vitro protein synthesis by binding to the translation initiation complex.
GC81398	m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM)	-	>99.00%
GC81398	m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM) is a cap analog that can be used for in vitro transcription of mRNA.
GC81399	m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium solution (100 mM)	-	>98.50%
GC81399	m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium, a cap analogue derived from patent WO2023159930A1, can be used for the synthesis of mRNA [1] .
GC81400	Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)	-	>99.00%
GC81400	Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium is a XRN1 inhibitor ( IC 50 = 36 nM).
GC81401	DD04107	1202877-06-2	>99.50%
GC81401	DD04107 is a neuronal exocytosis inhibitor with a rat Syt1-C2B domain binding K d of 2.4 μM.
GC81402	Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium solution (100mM)	-	>98.50%
GC81402	Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium is a thiophosphonate analogue of ATP.
GC81403	Allyl thiosulfate	6363-01-5	>99.50%
GC81403	Allyl thiosulfate (Sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate) is found in Allium plants such as garlic and onion.
GC81404	Citramalic acid	597-44-4	>99.00%
GC81404	Citramalic acid is an organic acid and soil phosphorus-solubilizing agent.
GC81405	4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride	-	>98.50%
GC81405	4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride is a photodegradation product of Eumelanin.
GC81406	Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate	-	>99.50%
GC81406	Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate is a cysteine derivative.
GC81407	(S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid	2185-16-2	>97.00%
GC81407	(S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid is an adamantane-labeled glutamine analog [1] .
GC81408	Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0)	-	>98.00%
GC81408	Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0) is an electron microscopy negative stain.
GC81409	Ehrlich's Reagent	-	>98.00%
GC81409	Ehrlich's Reagent is an indicator with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde as its core component.
GC81413	Biotin-7-GMP lithium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM)	-	>99.50%
GC81413	Biotin-7-GMP (5'-Biotin-G-monophosphate) lithium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM) is a 5'-biotinylated guanosine monophosphate reagent.
GC81414	S-Adenosyl-L-ethionine	524-70-9	>99.50%
GC81414	S-Adenosyl-L-ethionine is S-Adenosyl-L-methione analog.
GC81415	Methyl Green Staining Solution (Chloroform-Extracted, 1%)	-	>98.00%
GC81415	Methyl Green Staining Solution (Chloroform-Extracted, 1%) is a basic dye stock solution with differential nucleic acid binding activity that distinguishes double-stranded DNA from RNA, and it can be used for assays related to nucleic acid distribution and DNA localization.
GC81420	(-)-Aspartic acid-d 3	1202063-44-2	>99.50%
GC81420	(-)-Aspartic acid -d 3 ((R)-Aspartic acid-d 3 ) is the deuterium labeled (-)-Aspartic acid.
GC81421	ZY-2 (solution)	-	>98.00%
GC81421	ZY-2 (solution) is a fluorescent probe targeting pyruvate kinase M2 ( PKM2 ) with an excitation wavelength of 419 nm.
GC81422	LY4101174 Antibody	-	>99.00%
GC81422	LY4101174 Antibody (15A7.5; ETx-22 Antibody) is an ADC antibody that serves as the antibody component of LY4101174.

Signaling Pathways

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