Signaling Pathways
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The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), a humanized or human monoclonal antibody conjugated with highly cytotoxic small molecules (payloads) through chemical linkers, is a novel therapeutic format and has great potential to make a paradigm shift in cancer chemotherapy. The three components of the ADC together give rise to a powerful oncolytic agent capable of delivering normally intolerable cytotoxins directly to cancer cells, which then internalize and release the cell-destroying drugs. At present, two ADCs, Adcetris and Kadcyla, have received regulatory approval with >40 others in clinical development.
ADCs are administered intravenously in order to prevent the mAb from being destroyed by gastric acids and proteolytic enzymes. The mAb component of the ADC enables it to circulate in the bloodstream until it finds and binds to tumor-specific cell surface antigens present on target cancer cells. Linker chemistry is an important determinant of the safety, specificity, potency and activity of ADCs. Linkers are designed to be stable in the blood stream (to conform to the increased circulation time of mAbs) and labile at the cancer site to allow rapid release of the cytotoxic drug. First generation ADCs made use of early cytotoxins such as the anthracycline, doxorubicin or the anti-metabolite/antifolate agent, methotrexate. Current cytotoxins have far greater potency and can be divided into three main groups: auristatins, maytansines and calicheamicins.
The development of site-specific conjugation methodologies for constructing homogeneous ADCs is an especially promising path to improving ADC design, which will open the way for novel cancer therapeutics.
References:
[1] Tsuchikama K, et al. Protein Cell. 2016 Oct 14. DOI:10.1007/s13238-016-0323-0.
[2] Peters C, et al. Biosci Rep. 2015 Jun 12;35(4). pii: e00225. doi: 10.1042/BSR20150089.
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Products Related to Signaling Pathways(40938)
- GC796145α-DihydrocortisolCAS: 516-41-6Purity: >98.00%
5α-Dihydrocortisol (5α-DHF), a metabolite of Hydrocortisone (Cortisol), is a steroid hormone.
- GC7961520α-DihydrocortisolCAS: 1719-79-5Purity: >96.50%
20α-Dihydrocortisol (20α-DHF) is a metabolite of Hydrocortisone (Cortisol) [1] .
- GC79616Acetaminophen glucuronide potassiumPurity: >99.50%
Acetaminophen glucuronide potassium (APAP-glu potassium) is the inactive glucuronide metabolite of Acetaminophen.
- GC79617Clethodim sulfoxideCAS: 111031-14-2Purity: >98.00%
Clethodim sulfoxide is the aerobic metabolite of clethodim, a cyclohexanedione oxime herbicide [1] .
- GC79618Prucalopride N-oxideCAS: 1900715-98-1Purity: >98.00%
Prucalopride N-oxide is a metabolite of Prucalopride with motility-enhancing effects [1] .
- GC79619Fipronil sulfideCAS: 120067-83-6Purity: >98.00%
Fipronil sulfide is a toxic, persistent metabolite of Fipronil.
- GC79620Dapagliflozin keto impurityCAS: 2169998-23-4Purity: >98.00%
Dapagliflozin keto impurity (Oxo-dapagliflozin) is an oxo metabolite and related impurity of Dapagliflozin.
- GC796215α,6α-EpoxysitosterolCAS: 53034-66-5Purity: >99.50%
5α,6α-Epoxysitosterol is a minor β-sitosterol oxidation product and 5,6-epoxy thermo-oxidation product of sitosterol [1] [2] .
- GC79622Ginsenoside C-YCAS: 83480-65-3Purity: >98.00%
Ginsenoside C-Y (Ginsenoside Y) is a metabolite of Ginsenoside Rb2.
- GC7962441-O-DemethylrapamycinCAS: 142382-16-9Purity: >98.00%
41-O-Demethylrapamycin is a metabolite of Rapamycin produced by Bacillus megaterium [1] .
- GC79625Febuxostat 67M-1CAS: 887945-96-2Purity: >95.00%
Febuxostat 67M-1 is an active metabolite of Febuxostat.
- GC79629ZER1 binder-2CAS: 3132618-63-1Purity: >98.00%
ZER1 binder-2 is a ZER1 E3 ubiquitin ligase binder with an EC 50 value of 51.04 nM.
- GC79631JWP24 acetatePurity: >98.00%
JWP24 acetate is the first cell membrane-permeable peptide inhibitor of MAGE-A4, with an IC 50 of 200 nM against human MAGE-A4.
- GC79632Pyrrolidone carboxylic acidCAS: 115621-24-4Purity: >98.00%
Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) is one of the main components (accounting for approximately 12%) of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) in the mammalian epidermal stratum corneum, and it is produced by the degradation of filaggrin.
- GC79633trans-Caffeic aldehydeCAS: 141632-15-7Purity: >98.00%
Trans-Caffeic aldehyde is a type of phenylpropanoid compound, which was discovered in the secondary metabolites of the actinomycete Acrocarpospora punica.
- GC79634N-MethylnorsalsolinolCAS: 37491-98-8Purity: >99.50%
N-Methylnorsalsolinol is an endogenous MPTP -like compound.
- GC796353-MethylundecaneCAS: 1002-43-3Purity: >98.00%
3-Methylundecane is a volatile compound that can be isolated from the Panax ginseng essential oil [1] .
- GC79636(RS)-Pantoic acid sodium monohydratePurity: >98.00%
(RS) -Pantoic acid sodium monohydrate is an intermediate in the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis pathway for the de novo synthesis of R-pantothenate (vitamin B5) from valine in plants and microorganisms.
- GC79637L-Indole-3-lactic acidCAS: 7417-65-4Purity: >98.00%
L-Indole-3-lactic acid is an L (-)-tryptophan metabolite found in strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and also an indole-based antioxidant.
| Catalog No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Purity | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GC79614 | 5α-Dihydrocortisol | 516-41-6 | >98.00% | |
5α-Dihydrocortisol (5α-DHF), a metabolite of Hydrocortisone (Cortisol), is a steroid hormone. | ||||
| GC79615 | 20α-Dihydrocortisol | 1719-79-5 | >96.50% | |
20α-Dihydrocortisol (20α-DHF) is a metabolite of Hydrocortisone (Cortisol) [1] . | ||||
| GC79616 | Acetaminophen glucuronide potassium | - | >99.50% | |
Acetaminophen glucuronide potassium (APAP-glu potassium) is the inactive glucuronide metabolite of Acetaminophen. | ||||
| GC79617 | Clethodim sulfoxide | 111031-14-2 | >98.00% | |
Clethodim sulfoxide is the aerobic metabolite of clethodim, a cyclohexanedione oxime herbicide [1] . | ||||
| GC79618 | Prucalopride N-oxide | 1900715-98-1 | >98.00% | |
Prucalopride N-oxide is a metabolite of Prucalopride with motility-enhancing effects [1] . | ||||
| GC79619 | Fipronil sulfide | 120067-83-6 | >98.00% | |
Fipronil sulfide is a toxic, persistent metabolite of Fipronil. | ||||
| GC79620 | Dapagliflozin keto impurity | 2169998-23-4 | >98.00% | |
Dapagliflozin keto impurity (Oxo-dapagliflozin) is an oxo metabolite and related impurity of Dapagliflozin. | ||||
| GC79621 | 5α,6α-Epoxysitosterol | 53034-66-5 | >99.50% | |
5α,6α-Epoxysitosterol is a minor β-sitosterol oxidation product and 5,6-epoxy thermo-oxidation product of sitosterol [1] [2] . | ||||
| GC79622 | Ginsenoside C-Y | 83480-65-3 | >98.00% | |
Ginsenoside C-Y (Ginsenoside Y) is a metabolite of Ginsenoside Rb2. | ||||
| GC79623 | Ichangin | 10171-61-6 | >98.00% | |
Ichangin is a metabolite of ponderosa lemon Citrus pyriformis. | ||||
| GC79624 | 41-O-Demethylrapamycin | 142382-16-9 | >98.00% | |
41-O-Demethylrapamycin is a metabolite of Rapamycin produced by Bacillus megaterium [1] . | ||||
| GC79625 | Febuxostat 67M-1 | 887945-96-2 | >95.00% | |
Febuxostat 67M-1 is an active metabolite of Febuxostat. | ||||
| GC79626 | H111-H7 | 220965-54-8 | >98.00% | |
H111-H7 is a WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin 27 protein ligase 2 ( WWP2 ) inhibitor with a K D of 717 nM. | ||||
| GC79627 | H36-E4 | 688310-17-0 | >98.50% | |
H36-E4 is a WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin 27 protein ligase 2 ( WWP2 ) inhibitor with a K D of 6.25 μM. | ||||
| GC79628 | XMU-MP-10 | 2251132-02-0 | >98.00% | |
XMU-MP-10 is a selective NEDD4 inhibitor with a K D of 43.92 nM. | ||||
| GC79629 | ZER1 binder-2 | 3132618-63-1 | >98.00% | |
ZER1 binder-2 is a ZER1 E3 ubiquitin ligase binder with an EC 50 value of 51.04 nM. | ||||
| GC79630 | MRC37 | - | >98.50% | |
MRC37 is a high-affinity TRIM21 ligand with a K d of 0.4 µM. | ||||
| GC79631 | JWP24 acetate | - | >98.00% | |
JWP24 acetate is the first cell membrane-permeable peptide inhibitor of MAGE-A4, with an IC 50 of 200 nM against human MAGE-A4. | ||||
| GC79632 | Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid | 115621-24-4 | >98.00% | |
Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) is one of the main components (accounting for approximately 12%) of natural moisturizing factors (NMF) in the mammalian epidermal stratum corneum, and it is produced by the degradation of filaggrin. | ||||
| GC79633 | trans-Caffeic aldehyde | 141632-15-7 | >98.00% | |
Trans-Caffeic aldehyde is a type of phenylpropanoid compound, which was discovered in the secondary metabolites of the actinomycete Acrocarpospora punica. | ||||
| GC79634 | N-Methylnorsalsolinol | 37491-98-8 | >99.50% | |
N-Methylnorsalsolinol is an endogenous MPTP -like compound. | ||||
| GC79635 | 3-Methylundecane | 1002-43-3 | >98.00% | |
3-Methylundecane is a volatile compound that can be isolated from the Panax ginseng essential oil [1] . | ||||
| GC79636 | (RS)-Pantoic acid sodium monohydrate | - | >98.00% | |
(RS) -Pantoic acid sodium monohydrate is an intermediate in the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis pathway for the de novo synthesis of R-pantothenate (vitamin B5) from valine in plants and microorganisms. | ||||
| GC79637 | L-Indole-3-lactic acid | 7417-65-4 | >98.00% | |
L-Indole-3-lactic acid is an L (-)-tryptophan metabolite found in strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and also an indole-based antioxidant. | ||||
