Signaling Pathways

Research Area, Signaling Pathways | GlpBio Life Science Products Suppliers

The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), a humanized or human monoclonal antibody conjugated with highly cytotoxic small molecules (payloads) through chemical linkers, is a novel therapeutic format and has great potential to make a paradigm shift in cancer chemotherapy. The three components of the ADC together give rise to a powerful oncolytic agent capable of delivering normally intolerable cytotoxins directly to cancer cells, which then internalize and release the cell-destroying drugs. At present, two ADCs, Adcetris and Kadcyla, have received regulatory approval with >40 others in clinical development.

ADCs are administered intravenously in order to prevent the mAb from being destroyed by gastric acids and proteolytic enzymes. The mAb component of the ADC enables it to circulate in the bloodstream until it finds and binds to tumor-specific cell surface antigens present on target cancer cells. Linker chemistry is an important determinant of the safety, specificity, potency and activity of ADCs. Linkers are designed to be stable in the blood stream (to conform to the increased circulation time of mAbs) and labile at the cancer site to allow rapid release of the cytotoxic drug. First generation ADCs made use of early cytotoxins such as the anthracycline, doxorubicin or the anti-metabolite/antifolate agent, methotrexate. Current cytotoxins have far greater potency and can be divided into three main groups: auristatins, maytansines and calicheamicins.

The development of site-specific conjugation methodologies for constructing homogeneous ADCs is an especially promising path to improving ADC design, which will open the way for novel cancer therapeutics.

References:

[1] Tsuchikama K, et al. Protein Cell. 2016 Oct 14. DOI:10.1007/s13238-016-0323-0.

[2] Peters C, et al. Biosci Rep. 2015 Jun 12;35(4). pii: e00225. doi: 10.1042/BSR20150089.

Products Related to Signaling Pathways(39631)

GC81385 PA22-2 TFA
Purity: >95.50%
PA22-2 (IKVAV sequence; Laminin A-chain fragment) TFA is a laminin receptor ligand.
GC81386 Noratherosperminine hydrochloride
CAS: 2760889-73-2
Purity: >99.50%
Noratherosperminine hydrochloride is a phenanthrene alkaloid found in the stem bark of Cryptocarya nigra [1] .
GC81387 1-Methyl-N-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
CAS: 708988-50-5
Purity: >98.00%
1-Methyl-N-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide is a pharmaceutical synthesis intermediate.
GC81388 Amisometradine
CAS: 550-28-7
Purity: >98.00%
Amisometradine is an orally active aminouracil diuretic with a diuretic potency approximately 40% that of Mersalyl (when administered intramuscularly).
GC81389 Lyciumin C
CAS: 150394-23-3
Purity: >98.00%
Lyciumin C is a monocyclic octapeptide containing a novel C-N linkage between tryptophan N1 and glycine Cα, and can be found in the root bark of Lycium chinense MILL [1] .
GC81390 p-SCN-Macropa
CAS: 2417821-30-6
Purity: >96.00%
p-SCN-Macropa is a bifunctional macrocyclic chelator featuring macrocyclic polyamine skeletons and thiocyanate (-SCN) reactive moieties.
GC81391 Dipotassium phosphite
CAS: 13492-26-7
Purity: >95.00%
Dipotassium phosphite is a phosphite salt and is an antibacterial agent.
GC81392 8-Oxo-dGTP trisodium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >98.50%
8-Oxo-dGTP (8-Oxo-Deoxyguanosine triphosphate) trisodium solution (100mM) is an oxidized guanine nucleotide formed by ROS-mediated oxidative modification of dGTP, and it also serves as a key substrate for 8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolases (such as hMTH1 and E.
GC81393 KP-1212
CAS: 114522-16-6
Purity: >99.00%
KP-1212 is a nucleoside.
GC81394 PPA-037 TFA
Purity: >99.00%
PPA-037 TFA is an orally active, highly potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 ( CDK12 ).
GC81395 ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM)
Purity: >98.00%
ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM) is an endogenously produced pyrimidine base analog with a K d of 17.0 nM for LLDH and an IC 50 of 55.8 μM for GAPDH.
GC81396 ARCA triammonium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >98.00%
ARCA (triammonium) solution (100 mM) (Anti-Reverse cap analog triammonium solution (100 mM); m 2 7,3'O Gppp triammonium solution (100 mM)) is a 5′-cap analog.
GC81397 7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)
CAS: 75252-12-9
Purity: >98.50%
7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate (m7Gp3G) ammonium is an mRNA cap structure analog that inhibits in vitro protein synthesis by binding to the translation initiation complex.
GC81398 m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >99.00%
m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM) is a cap analog that can be used for in vitro transcription of mRNA.
GC81399 m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >98.50%
m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium, a cap analogue derived from patent WO2023159930A1, can be used for the synthesis of mRNA [1] .
GC81400 Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)
Purity: >99.00%
Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium is a XRN1 inhibitor ( IC 50 = 36 nM).
GC81401 DD04107
CAS: 1202877-06-2
Purity: >99.50%
DD04107 is a neuronal exocytosis inhibitor with a rat Syt1-C2B domain binding K d of 2.4 μM.
GC81402 Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium solution (100mM)
Purity: >98.50%
Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium is a thiophosphonate analogue of ATP.
GC81403 Allyl thiosulfate
CAS: 6363-01-5
Purity: >99.50%
Allyl thiosulfate (Sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate) is found in Allium plants such as garlic and onion.
GC81404 Citramalic acid
CAS: 597-44-4
Purity: >99.00%
Citramalic acid is an organic acid and soil phosphorus-solubilizing agent.
GC81405 4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride
Purity: >98.50%
4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride is a photodegradation product of Eumelanin.
GC81406 Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate
Purity: >99.50%
Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate is a cysteine derivative.
GC81407 (S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid
CAS: 2185-16-2
Purity: >97.00%
(S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid is an adamantane-labeled glutamine analog [1] .
GC81408 Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0)
Purity: >98.00%
Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0) is an electron microscopy negative stain.

Category Product List
Catalog No.	Product Name	CAS No.	Purity
GC81385	PA22-2 TFA	-	>95.50%
GC81385	PA22-2 (IKVAV sequence; Laminin A-chain fragment) TFA is a laminin receptor ligand.
GC81386	Noratherosperminine hydrochloride	2760889-73-2	>99.50%
GC81386	Noratherosperminine hydrochloride is a phenanthrene alkaloid found in the stem bark of Cryptocarya nigra [1] .
GC81387	1-Methyl-N-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide	708988-50-5	>98.00%
GC81387	1-Methyl-N-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide is a pharmaceutical synthesis intermediate.
GC81388	Amisometradine	550-28-7	>98.00%
GC81388	Amisometradine is an orally active aminouracil diuretic with a diuretic potency approximately 40% that of Mersalyl (when administered intramuscularly).
GC81389	Lyciumin C	150394-23-3	>98.00%
GC81389	Lyciumin C is a monocyclic octapeptide containing a novel C-N linkage between tryptophan N1 and glycine Cα, and can be found in the root bark of Lycium chinense MILL [1] .
GC81390	p-SCN-Macropa	2417821-30-6	>96.00%
GC81390	p-SCN-Macropa is a bifunctional macrocyclic chelator featuring macrocyclic polyamine skeletons and thiocyanate (-SCN) reactive moieties.
GC81391	Dipotassium phosphite	13492-26-7	>95.00%
GC81391	Dipotassium phosphite is a phosphite salt and is an antibacterial agent.
GC81392	8-Oxo-dGTP trisodium solution (100 mM)	-	>98.50%
GC81392	8-Oxo-dGTP (8-Oxo-Deoxyguanosine triphosphate) trisodium solution (100mM) is an oxidized guanine nucleotide formed by ROS-mediated oxidative modification of dGTP, and it also serves as a key substrate for 8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolases (such as hMTH1 and E.
GC81393	KP-1212	114522-16-6	>99.00%
GC81393	KP-1212 is a nucleoside.
GC81394	PPA-037 TFA	-	>99.00%
GC81394	PPA-037 TFA is an orally active, highly potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 ( CDK12 ).
GC81395	ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM)	-	>98.00%
GC81395	ddhCTP trisodium solution (100 mM ± 3 mM) is an endogenously produced pyrimidine base analog with a K d of 17.0 nM for LLDH and an IC 50 of 55.8 μM for GAPDH.
GC81396	ARCA triammonium solution (100 mM)	-	>98.00%
GC81396	ARCA (triammonium) solution (100 mM) (Anti-Reverse cap analog triammonium solution (100 mM); m 2 7,3'O Gppp triammonium solution (100 mM)) is a 5′-cap analog.
GC81397	7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)	75252-12-9	>98.50%
GC81397	7-Methyl-diguanosine triphosphate (m7Gp3G) ammonium is an mRNA cap structure analog that inhibits in vitro protein synthesis by binding to the translation initiation complex.
GC81398	m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM)	-	>99.00%
GC81398	m7(3'OMeG)(5')ppp(5')m6(2'OMeA)pG tetraammonium solution (100 mM) is a cap analog that can be used for in vitro transcription of mRNA.
GC81399	m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium solution (100 mM)	-	>98.50%
GC81399	m7(3'AcmG)(5')ppp(5')(2'OMeA)pG trisodium, a cap analogue derived from patent WO2023159930A1, can be used for the synthesis of mRNA [1] .
GC81400	Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium solution (100 mM)	-	>99.00%
GC81400	Adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate ammonium is a XRN1 inhibitor ( IC 50 = 36 nM).
GC81401	DD04107	1202877-06-2	>99.50%
GC81401	DD04107 is a neuronal exocytosis inhibitor with a rat Syt1-C2B domain binding K d of 2.4 μM.
GC81402	Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium solution (100mM)	-	>98.50%
GC81402	Sp-ATPαS tetrasodium is a thiophosphonate analogue of ATP.
GC81403	Allyl thiosulfate	6363-01-5	>99.50%
GC81403	Allyl thiosulfate (Sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate) is found in Allium plants such as garlic and onion.
GC81404	Citramalic acid	597-44-4	>99.00%
GC81404	Citramalic acid is an organic acid and soil phosphorus-solubilizing agent.
GC81405	4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride	-	>98.50%
GC81405	4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine dihydrochloride is a photodegradation product of Eumelanin.
GC81406	Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate	-	>99.50%
GC81406	Magnesium L-glutamate tetrahydrate is a cysteine derivative.
GC81407	(S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid	2185-16-2	>97.00%
GC81407	(S)-5-Acetamido-2-aminopentanoic acid is an adamantane-labeled glutamine analog [1] .
GC81408	Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0)	-	>98.00%
GC81408	Phosphotungstic Acid Negative Staining Solution (3%, pH 7.0) is an electron microscopy negative stain.

Signaling Pathways

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