MTP 131 (acetate) (Synonyms: Elamipretide, SS-31)

MTP 131 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidant.^1,2 It localizes to the mitochondria and reduces tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1 nM.¹ MTP 131 (2 mg/kg) reduces infarct volume, hemispheric swelling, and glutathione (GSH) depletion in a mouse model of acute cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).² It increases survival, improves motor function, and decreases degeneration of the lumbar spinal cord in a superoxide dismutase 1 mutant (SOD1^G93A) transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg. MTP 131 reduces albuminuria, urinary hydrogen peroxide levels, and mesangial matrix accumulation, as well as preserves superoxide production, in a db/db mouse model of diabetic nephropathy.³

1.Zhao, K., Luo, G., Giannelli, S., et al.Mitochondria-targeted peptide prevents mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in neuronal cell linesBiochem. Pharmacol.70(12)1796-1806(2005) 2.Szeto, H.H.Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: Novel neuroprotective agentsAAPS J.8(3)E521-E531(2006) 3.Miyamoto, S., Zhang, G., Hall, D., et al.Restoring mitochondrial superoxide levels with elamipretide (MTP-131) protects db/db mice against progression of diabetic kidney diseaseJ. Biol. Chem.295(21)7249-7260(2020)