SNAP (Synonyms: SNitrosoNAcetylD,LPenicillamine) |
| Catalog No.GC10767 |
SNAP is a nitric oxide (NO) donor, commonly used as a tool compound for studying the physiological and pharmacological roles of nitric oxide.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 67776-06-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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SNAP is a nitric oxide (NO) donor, commonly used as a tool compound for studying the physiological and pharmacological roles of nitric oxide[1]. SNAP decomposes spontaneously or under the influence of light, heat, or metal ions to release nitric oxide, while generating the corresponding disulfide[2]. SNAP is widely employed to investigate the mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation, neurotransmission, and immune responses[3-4].
In vitro, treatment of Fu5 rat hepatoma cells with SNAP (1mM) for 8 hours significantly induced cytotoxicity[5]. Exposure of Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC-F6) and B16 melanoma cells (B16-4A5-F6) to SNAP (2mM) for 24 hours markedly reduced the viability of both cell types[6].
In vivo, a single intramuscular injection of SNAP (1.0mg/kg) administered 3 hours after the induction of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in SD rats significantly increased the ischemic-to-normal limb blood flow (INBF) ratio on day 14 and enhanced microvessel density in the ischemic area[7]. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of SNAP (0.1μM; 2μL) over 6 days in P2X7R+/+ and P2X7R−/− mice significantly elevated S-nitrosylation of protein disulfide isomerase (SNO-PDI) in the hippocampus and enhanced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 at serine 276 in microglia[8].
References:
[1] Salas E, Moro MA, Askew S, et al. Comparative pharmacology of analogues of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine on human platelets. Br J Pharmacol. 1994 Aug;112(4):1071-6.
[2] Pravdic D, Vladic N, Cavar I, et al. Effect of nitric oxide donors S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine, spermine NONOate and propylamine propylamine NONOate on intracellular pH in cardiomyocytes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2012 Sep;39(9):772-8.
[3] Mang CF, Kilbinger H. Modulation of acetylcholine release in the guinea-pig trachea by the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP). Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;131(1):94-8.
[4] Lu J, Katano T, Okuda-Ashitaka E, et al. Involvement of S-nitrosylation of actin in inhibition of neurotransmitter release by nitric oxide. Mol Pain. 2009 Sep 29;5:58.
[5] Ioannidis I, de Groot H. Cytotoxicity of nitric oxide in Fu5 rat hepatoma cells: evidence for co-operative action with hydrogen peroxide. Biochem J. 1993 Dec 1;296 ( Pt 2)(Pt 2):341-5.
[6] Hirano S. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects of nitric oxide on metastatic cells. Cancer Lett. 1997 May 1;115(1):57-62.
[7] Yeh JN, Yip HK, Shao PL, et al. Combination of melatonin-delivered endothelial progenitor cells with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine for improving critical limb ischemia in the rat. Am J Transl Res. 2024 Sep 15;16(9):5020-5037.
[8] Kim JE, Wang SH, Lee DS, et al. Protein disulfide isomerase integrates toll-like receptor 4 and P2X7 receptor signaling pathways during lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 6;15(1):7906.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Fu5 rat hepatoma cells (rat hepatoma cell line) |
Preparation Method | Fu5 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mix F12 (1:1) supplemented with 2mM L-glutamine, 50μg/mL gentamycin, and 10% fetal-calf serum at 37°C under 5% CO₂. Cells were treated with SNAP at a concentration of 1mM for 8 hours. |
Reaction Conditions | 1mM; 8h |
Applications | SNAP induced significant cytotoxicity in Fu5 cells. When combined with xanthine oxidase (20m-units/mL), SNAP synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effects were mediated by nitric oxide (NO) release, independent of superoxide anion (O₂⁻) or peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) pathways. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | SD rats |
Preparation Method | Rats were intramuscularly administered a single dose of SNAP (1.0mg/kg) at 3 hours after critical limb ischemia (CLI) induction. Rats were sacrificed at day 14 for quadriceps muscle analysis. |
Dosage form | 1.0mg/kg; i.m.; 14 days |
Applications | SNAP administration significantly increased the ischemic-to-normal blood flow (INBF) ratio and enhanced small vessel density in the ischemic limb. SNAP upregulated endothelial cell surface markers (CD31/vWF/eNOS) and angiogenesis factors, while reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory biomarkers. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 67776-06-1 | SDF | |
| Synonymes | SNitrosoNAcetylD,LPenicillamine | ||
| Chemical Name | (R)-2-acetamido-3-methyl-3-(nitrosothio)butanoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC([C@H](C(C)(C)SN=O)NC(C)=O)=O | ||
| Formula | C7H12N2O4S | M.Wt | 220.24 |
| Solubility | <22.02mg/ml in DMSO | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
|
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.5405 mL | 22.7025 mL | 45.405 mL |
| 5 mM | 908.1 μL | 4.5405 mL | 9.081 mL |
| 10 mM | 454.1 μL | 2.2703 mL | 4.5405 mL |
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)
g
μL
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Calculation results:
Working concentration: mg/ml;
Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.
3. All of the above co-solvents are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 29 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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