Valinomycin (Synonyms: NSC 122023) |
| Catalog No.GC16948 |
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Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 2001-95-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, which is obtained from several Streptomyces strains. Valinomycin functions as a potassium-specific transporter and promotes the movement of K+ through lipid membranes. Excessive K+ efflux is an ionic mechanism underlying apoptosis.It can be used as uncoupling agent to induce depolarization[1-3].
Valinomycin(1-100µM;12-24 h) treated CHO cells underwent an apoptotic event due to potassium efflux[4]. Valinomycin (2 nM) induced energy-dependent mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, cytosolic NADH/cytochrome c oxidation and apoptosis[5]. Neurite formation and membrane changes of mouse neuroblastoma cells induced by valinomycin(100 µM) [6].
Incorporation of valinomycin into multilamellar liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline:cholesterol:phosphatidyl serine (10:4:1 M ratio) results in a profound reduction in toxicity with maintainence of antitumor efficacy in mice, the LD50 for liposome incorporated valinomycin (MVL-VM) is in excess of 50 mg/kg[7].
References:
[1]. Varma S, Sabo D, ,et,al. K+/Na+ selectivity in K channels and valinomycin: over-coordination versus cavity-size constraints. J Mol Biol. 2008 Feb 8;376(1):13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.11.059. Epub 2007 Nov 28. PMID: 18155244; PMCID: PMC2390915.
[2]. Daniele RP, Holian SK. A potassium ionophore (valinomycin) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by its effects on the cell membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3599-602. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3599. PMID: 1068473; PMCID: PMC431165.
[3]. Berezin SK. Valinomycin as a Classical Anionophore: Mechanism and Ion Selectivity. J Membr Biol. 2015 Aug;248(4):713-26. doi: 10.1007/s00232-015-9784-y. Epub 2015 Mar 4. PMID: 25736817.
[4]. Abdalah R, Wei L, ,et,al. Valinomycin-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Sep 11;405(1-2):68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.055. Epub 2006 Jul 20. PMID: 16857314.
[5]. Lofrumento DD, La Piana G, ,et,al. Valinomycin induced energy-dependent mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, cytosolic NADH/cytochrome c oxidation and apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2011 Oct;16(10):1004-13. doi: 10.1007/s10495-011-0628-7. PMID: 21739274.
[6]. Koike T. Neurite formation and membrane changes of mouse neurobalstoma cells induced by valinomycin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Jun 2;509(3):429-39. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(78)90237-7. PMID: 656419.
[7]. Daoud SS, Juliano RL. Reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor effects in mice of the ionophoric drug valinomycin when incorporated in liposomes. Cancer Res. 1986 Nov;46(11):5518-23. PMID: 3756900.
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 28 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)
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