D-erythro/L-threo Lysosphingomyelin (d18:1) (Synonyms: D-erythro/L-threo Lyso SM(18:1), D-erythro/L-threo Sphingosine-1-Phosphocholine (d18:1), D-erythro/L-threo-Sphingosylphosphorylcholine)

Lysosphingomyelin is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid and a constituent of lipoproteins.^1,2 It is produced by the removal of the acyl group from sphingomyelin by a deacylase and acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate . D-erythro Lysosphingomyelin is an agonist of the S1P receptors S1P₁, S1P₂, and S1P₃ (EC₅₀s = 167.7, 368.1, and 482.6 nM, respectively, for the human receptors).³ It is also an agonist of the orphan receptor ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (ORG1) that induces calcium accumulation in cells overexpressing OGR1 (EC₅₀ = ~35 nM).⁴ Levels of D-erythro lysosphingomyelin are increased in skin isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis, as well as postmortem brain from patients with Niemann-Pick disease type A, but not type B.^2,5 L-threo lysosphingomyelin is also an S1P_1-3 agonist (EC₅₀s = 19.3, 131.8, and 313.3 nM, respectively).³ This product is a mixture of D-erythro and L-threo lysosphingomyelin. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1321]

1.Ito, M., Kurita, T., and Kita, K.A novel enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of ceramides in various glycosphingolipids as well as sphingomyelin to produce their lyso formsJ. Biol. Chem.270(41)24370-24374(1995) 2.Nixon, G.F., Mathieson, F.A., and Hunter, I.The multi-functional role of sphingosylphosphorylcholineProg. Lipid Res.47(1)62-75(2008) 3.Im, D.-S., Clemens, J., Macdonald, T.L., et al.Characterization of the human and mouse sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, S1P5 (Edg-8): Structure-activity relationship of sphingosine1-phosphate receptorsBiochemistry40(46)14053-14060(2001) 4.Meyer zu Heringdorf, D., Himmel, H.M., and Jakobs, K.H.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-biological functions and mechanisms of actionBiochim. Biophys. Acta1582(1-3)178-189(2002) 5.Rodriguez-Lafrasse, C., and Vanier, M.T.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine in Niemann-Pick disease brain: Accumulation in type A but not in type BNeurochem. Res.24(2)199-205(1999)