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Immunology/Inflammation

The immune and inflammation-related pathway including the Toll-like receptors pathway, the B cell receptor signaling pathway, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, etc.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens. TLR4 initially recruits TIRAP and MyD88. MyD88 then recruits IRAKs, TRAF6, and the TAK1 complex, leading to early-stage activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases [1]. TLR4 is endocytosed and delivered to intracellular vesicles and forms a complex with TRAM and TRIF, which then recruits TRAF3 and the protein kinases TBK1 and IKKi. TBK1 and IKKi catalyze the phosphorylation of IRF3, leading to the expression of type I IFN [2].

BCR signaling is initiated through ligation of mIg under conditions that induce phosphorylation of the ITAMs in CD79, leading to the activation of Syk. Once Syk is activated, the BCR signal is transmitted via a series of proteins associated with the adaptor protein B-cell linker (Blnk, SLP-65). Blnk binds CD79a via non-ITAM tyrosines and is phosphorylated by Syk. Phospho-Blnk acts as a scaffold for the assembly of the other components, including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), Vav 1, and phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCγ2) [3]. Following the assembly of the BCR-signalosome, GRB2 binds and activates the Ras-guanine exchange factor SOS, which in turn activates the small GTPase RAS. The original RAS signal is transmitted and amplified through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which including the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase RAF followed by MEK and extracellular signal related kinases ERK 1 and 2 [4]. After stimulation of BCR, CD19 is phosphorylated by Lyn. Phosphorylated CD19 activates PI3K by binding to the p85 subunit of PI3K and produce phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) from PIP2, and PIP3 transmits signals downstream [5].

Central process of T cells responding to specific antigens is the binding of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to specific peptides bound to the major histocompatibility complex which expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once TCR connected with its ligand, the ζ-chain–associated protein kinase 70 molecules (Zap-70) are recruited to the TCR-CD3 site and activated, resulting in an initiation of several signaling cascades. Once stimulation, Zap-70 forms complexes with several molecules including SLP-76; and a sequential protein kinase cascade is initiated, consisting of MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), and MAP kinase (MAPK) [6]. Two MAPK kinases, MKK4 and MKK7, have been reported to be the primary activators of JNK. MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6 are activators of P38 MAP kinase [7]. MAP kinase pathways are major pathways induced by TCR stimulation, and they play a key role in T-cell responses.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) binds to the cytosolic domain of CD28, leading to conversion of PIP2 to PIP3, activation of PKB (Akt) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), and subsequent signaling transduction [8].

 

References

[1] Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors[J]. Nature immunology, 2010, 11(5): 373-384.

[2] Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity[J]. Immunity, 2011, 34(5): 637-650.

[3] Packard T A, Cambier J C. B lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling: initiation, amplification, and regulation[J]. F1000Prime Rep, 2013, 5(40.10): 12703.

[4] Zhong Y, Byrd J C, Dubovsky J A. The B-cell receptor pathway: a critical component of healthy and malignant immune biology[C]//Seminars in hematology. WB Saunders, 2014, 51(3): 206-218.

[5] Baba Y, Matsumoto M, Kurosaki T. Calcium signaling in B cells: regulation of cytosolic Ca 2+ increase and its sensor molecules, STIM1 and STIM2[J]. Molecular immunology, 2014, 62(2): 339-343.

[6] Adachi K, Davis M M. T-cell receptor ligation induces distinct signaling pathways in naive vs. antigen-experienced T cells[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(4): 1549-1554.

[7] Rincón M, Flavell R A, Davis R A. The Jnk and P38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in T cell–mediated immune responses[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2000, 28(9): 1328-1337.

[8] Bashour K T, Gondarenko A, Chen H, et al. CD28 and CD3 have complementary roles in T-cell traction forces[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(6): 2241-2246.

Ziele für  Immunology/Inflammation

Produkte für  Immunology/Inflammation

  1. Bestell-Nr. Artikelname Informationen
  2. GC50569 NLRP3-IN-2 NLRP3-IN-2, ein Zwischensubstrat bei der Synthese von Glyburid, hemmt die Bildung des NLRP3-Inflammasoms in Kardiomyozyten und begrenzt die InfarktgrÖße nach myokardialer IschÄmie/Reperfusion bei der Maus, ohne den Glukosestoffwechsel zu beeintrÄchtigen.  NLRP3-IN-2  Chemical Structure
  3. GC45194 α-(difluoromethyl)-DL-Arginine

    DFMA, RMI 71897

    Bacteria synthesize the cellular growth factor putrescine through a number of pathways.

    α-(difluoromethyl)-DL-Arginine  Chemical Structure
  4. GC65446 α-Amyrin acetate α-Amyrinacetat, ein natürliches Triterpenoid, hat eine entzündungshemmende Wirkung, ein krampflösendes Profil und eine entspannende Wirkung. α-Amyrin acetate  Chemical Structure
  5. GC49838 α-Cortolone

    20α-Cortolone, NSC 59872

    A metabolite of cortisol α-Cortolone  Chemical Structure
  6. GC48279 α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate)

    α-D-Glc 1-P

    An intermediate in glycogen metabolism α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate)  Chemical Structure
  7. GC52253 α-Enolase (1-19)-biotin Peptide

    Enolase-1 (1-19)-biotin

    A biotinylated α-enolase peptide α-Enolase (1-19)-biotin Peptide  Chemical Structure
  8. GC45206 α-GalCer analog 8

    α-Galactosylceramide analog 8

    α-Galactosylceramide analog 8 (α-GalCer analog 8) is a triazole derivative of α-galactosylceramide.

    α-GalCer analog 8  Chemical Structure
  9. GC40262 α-Humulene

    αCaryophyllene, (±)-αHumulene

    α-Humulen ist ein Hauptbestandteil von Tanacetum vulgare L. α-Humulene  Chemical Structure
  10. GC45601 α-Linolenic Acid ethyl ester-d5

    ALAEE-d5, Ethyl α-Linolenate-d5, Ethyl Linolenate-d5, LAEE-d5, Linolenic Acid ethyl ester-d5

      α-Linolenic Acid ethyl ester-d5  Chemical Structure
  11. GC48292 α-MSH (human, mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, ovine) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone, Ac-SYSMEHFRWGKPV-NH2

    α-MSH (α-Melanozyten-stimulierendes Hormon) TFA, ein endogenes Neuropeptid, ist ein endogener Melanocortinrezeptor 4 (MC4R)-Agonist mit entzÜndungshemmenden und antipyretischen AktivitÄten. α-MSH (human, mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, ovine) (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  12. GC41499 α-Phellandrene

    p-Mentha-1,5-diene, (±)-α-Phellandrene

    α-Phellandrene is a cyclic monoterpene that has been found in various plants, including Cannabis, and has diverse biological activities. α-Phellandrene  Chemical Structure
  13. GC63941 α-Solanine α-Solanin, eine bioaktive Komponente und eines der wichtigsten steroidalen Glykoalkaloide in Kartoffeln, hemmt nachweislich das Wachstum und induziert Apoptose in Krebszellen. α-Solanine  Chemical Structure
  14. GC67618 α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium

    alpha-Tocopherol phosphate disodium; TocP disodium; Vitamin E phosphate disodium

    α-Tocopherolphosphat (Alpha-Tocopherolphosphat)-Dinatrium, ein vielversprechendes Antioxidans, kann vor langwelligem UVA1-induziertem Zelltod schützen und UVA1-induzierte ROS in einem Hautzellmodell abfangen. α-Tocopherolphosphat-Dinatrium besitzt therapeutisches Potenzial bei der Hemmung der Apoptose und erhöht die Migrationskapazität von endothelialen Vorläuferzellen unter Bedingungen mit hohem Glukosegehalt/Hypoxie und fördert die Angiogenese. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium  Chemical Structure
  15. GC70953 α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 agonist 1 α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 agonist 1 ist ein potenter α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3-Agonist mit einem IC50-Wert von 0,32 μM für Stickstoffmonoxid (NO). α7 nAchR-JAK2-STAT3 agonist 1  Chemical Structure
  16. GC49467 β-Aescin A triterpenoid saponin with diverse biological activities β-Aescin  Chemical Structure
  17. GC70787 β-Aminoarteether β-Aminoarteether (SM934 freie Basis) ist ein Artemisinin-Derivat mit oral aktiver Wirkung. β-Aminoarteether  Chemical Structure
  18. GC37999 β-Anhydroicaritin β-Anhydroicaritin wird aus Boswellia carterii Birdware isoliert, hat wichtige biologische und pharmakologische Wirkungen wie Antiosteoporose, Östrogenregulierung und Antitumoreigenschaften. β-Anhydroicaritin  Chemical Structure
  19. GC45225 β-Apooxytetracycline

    β-Apo-Oxytetracycline, β-Apoterramycin

    β-Apooxytetracycline is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of oxytetracycline. β-Apooxytetracycline  Chemical Structure
  20. GC48920 β-Carboline-1-carboxylic Acid

    1-Formic Acid-β-carboline

    An alkaloid with diverse biological activities β-Carboline-1-carboxylic Acid  Chemical Structure
  21. GC66870 β-D-Glucan β-D-Glucan ist ein natürliches, unverdauliches Polysaccharid mit hoher Biokompatibilität, das selektiv von Erkennungsrezeptoren wie Dectin-1 und Toll-like-Rezeptoren erkannt werden kann und leicht von murinen oder menschlichen Makrophagen internalisiert werden kann, was wahrscheinlich der Fall ist Attribut zu einer Zielzustellung. β-d-Glucan ist ein enterisches Transportmittel für Probiotika. β-D-Glucan  Chemical Structure
  22. GC48998 β-Defensin-1 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    hBD-1

    An antimicrobial peptide β-Defensin-1 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  23. GC48298 β-Defensin-2 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    hBD-2

    An antimicrobial peptide β-Defensin-2 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  24. GC45230 β-Defensin-3 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    hBD-3

    β-Defensin-3 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. β-Defensin-3 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  25. GC45231 β-Defensin-4 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    hBD-4 (human)

    β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. β-Defensin-4 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  26. GC41623 β-Elemonic Acid

    Elemadienonic Acid, 3-Oxotirucallenoic Acid, 3-oxo Tirucallic Acid

    β-Elemonic Acid ist ein aus Boswellia papyrifera isoliertes Triterpen. β-Elemonic Acid  Chemical Structure
  27. GC49769 β-Glucogallin

    1-O-Galloyl-β-D-glucose

    A plant metabolite and an aldose reductase 2 inhibitor β-Glucogallin  Chemical Structure
  28. GC64619 β-Ionone β-Ionone ist wirksam bei der Induktion von Apoptose in Adenokarzinomzellen des Magens SGC7901. Anti-Krebs-AktivitÄt. β-Ionone  Chemical Structure
  29. GC41502 β-Myrcene

    NSC 406264

    β-Myrcen (β-β-Myrcen), eine aromatische flüchtige Verbindung, unterdrückt die TNFα-induzierte NF-κB-Aktivität. β-Myrcene  Chemical Structure
  30. GC72061 β-Phellandrene β-Phellandrene wird aus Carum petroselinum gewonnen. β-Phellandrene  Chemical Structure
  31. GC45604 β-Rubromycin β-Rubromycin ist ein potenter und selektiver Inhibitor der RNA-gerichteten DNA-Polymerasen (reverse Transkriptase) des humanen ImmunschwÄchevirus-1 (HIV-1). β-Rubromycin  Chemical Structure
  32. GC52400 γ-Glu-Ala (trifluoroacetate salt)

    γ-Glutamylalanine, γ-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine

    A dipeptide γ-Glu-Ala (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  33. GC48312 γ-Glu-Cys (ammonium salt)

    γ-Glutamylcysteine

    An intermediate in GSH synthesis γ-Glu-Cys (ammonium salt)  Chemical Structure
  34. GC45238 δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide

    14,15-dehydro Triamcinolone acetonide, Triamcinolone acetonide Impurity B

    δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of triamcinolone acetonide. δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide  Chemical Structure
  35. GC40307 δ2-cis-Hexadecenoic Acid One of the first organisms in which quorum sensing was observed were Myxobacteria, a group of gram-negative bacteria, found mainly in soil and also common to marine and freshwater systems. δ2-cis-Hexadecenoic Acid  Chemical Structure
  36. GC41393 ω-3 Arachidonic Acid methyl ester ω-3 Fatty acids, represented primarily by docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and α-linoleate, are essential dietary nutrients required for normal growth and development. ω-3 Arachidonic Acid methyl ester  Chemical Structure
  37. GC45713 (±)-α-Tocopherol Acetate

    all-rac-α-Tocopherol Acetate, DL-α-Tocopherol Acetate, DL-Vitamin E acetate

    (±)-α-Tocopherolacetat ((±)-Vitamin E-Acetat), ist eine oral aktive synthetische Form von Vitamin E. (±)-α-Tocopherol Acetate  Chemical Structure
  38. GC67191 (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate (±)-α-Tocopherolnicotinat, Vitamin E-Nicotinat, ist ein oral wirksames fettlösliches Antioxidans, das die Lipidperoxidation in Zellmembranen verhindert. (±)-α-Tocopherolnicotinat wird im Blut zu α hydrolysiert; -Tocopherol und Niacin und kann in Studien verwandter Gefäßerkrankungen verwendet werden. (±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate  Chemical Structure
  39. GC52010 (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-Octadecadienoic Acid

    αHYA, (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-ODE

    An oxylipin gut microbiota metabolite (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z),15(Z)-Octadecadienoic Acid  Chemical Structure
  40. GC52013 (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z)-Octadecenoic Acid

    10-hydroxy-cis-12-Octadecenoic Acid

    An oxylipin and metabolite of linoleic acid (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z)-Octadecenoic Acid  Chemical Structure
  41. GC52421 (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z)-Octadecenoic Acid-d5

    10-hydroxy-cis-12-Octadecenoic Acid-d5

    An internal standard for the quantification of (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (±)-10-hydroxy-12(Z)-Octadecenoic Acid-d5  Chemical Structure
  42. GC40112 (±)-Climbazole-d4 (±)-Climbazole-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of climbazole by GC- or LC-MS. (±)-Climbazole-d4  Chemical Structure
  43. GC50708 (±)-ML 209 An RORγt antagonist (±)-ML 209  Chemical Structure
  44. GC39271 (±)-Naringenin

    SDihydrogenistein, NSC 11855, NSC 34875, Salipurol

    (±)-Naringenin ist ein natürlich vorkommendes Flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin  Chemical Structure
  45. GC41212 (±)10(11)-EpDPA

    (±)10,11-EDP, (±)10,11-EpDPE, (±)10,11-epoxy DPA, (±)10,11-epoxy Docosapentaenoic Acid

    Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)10(11)-EpDPA  Chemical Structure
  46. GC40466 (±)11(12)-EET

    (±)11,12-EpETrE

    (±)11(12)-EET ist ein NLRP3-Inflammasom-Inhibitor. (±)11(12)-EET  Chemical Structure
  47. GC40467 (±)11-HETE

    (±)11-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid

    (±)11-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. (±)11-HETE  Chemical Structure
  48. GC40802 (±)12(13)-DiHOME

    Isoleukotoxin diol

    (±)12(13)-DiHOME is the diol form of (±)12(13)-EpOME, a cytochrome P450-derived epoxide of linoleic acid also known as isoleukotoxin.

    (±)12(13)-DiHOME  Chemical Structure
  49. GC41191 (±)13(14)-EpDPA

    (±)13,14-EDP, (±)13,14-EpDPE, (±)13,14-epoxy DPA, (±)13,14-epoxy Docosapentaenoic Acid

    (±)13(14)-EpDPA (13,14-EpDPE) ist das Produkt der Reaktion von Cytochrom-P-450-Epoxygenase mit Docosahexaensäure (DHA). (±)13(14)-EpDPA  Chemical Structure
  50. GC40355 (±)13-HpODE

    13-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid; Linoleic acid 13-hydroperoxide

    (±)13-HpODE (13-Hydroperoxylinolsäure) ist ein racemisches Gemisch von Hydroperoxiden, das durch die Oxidation von Linolsäure durch Lipoxygenase hergestellt wird. (±)13-HpODE  Chemical Structure
  51. GC41288 (±)17(18)-EpETE-Ethanolamide

    17,18-EEQ-EA, (±)17,18-EEQ-Ethanolamide, (±)17(18)-EpETE-EA, 17,18-epoxy-Eicosatetraenoic Acid Ethanolamide

    (±)17(18)-EpETE-Ethanolamide is an ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxide. (±)17(18)-EpETE-Ethanolamide  Chemical Structure
  52. GC40362 (±)18-HEPE (±)18-HEPE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA. (±)18-HEPE  Chemical Structure
  53. GC41655 (±)19(20)-EDP Ethanolamide

    19,20-DHEA epoxide, 19,20-epoxy Docosapentaenoic Acid Ethanolamide, 19,20-EDP-EA, 19,20-EDP epoxide

    (±)19(20)-EDP ethanolamide is an ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxide and cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist (EC50s = 108 and 280 nM for CB1 and CB2, respectively). (±)19(20)-EDP Ethanolamide  Chemical Structure
  54. GC40270 (±)5(6)-DiHET

    (±)5,6-DiHETrE

    5(6)-DiHET is a fully racemic version of the enantiomeric forms biosynthesized from 5(6)-EET by epoxide hydrolases.

    (±)5(6)-DiHET  Chemical Structure
  55. GC41203 (±)7(8)-EpDPA

    (±)7,8-EDP, (±)7,8-EpDPE, (±)7,8-epoxy DPA, (±)7,8-epoxy Docosapentaenoic Acid

    Docosahexaenoic acid is the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the brain and retina. (±)7(8)-EpDPA  Chemical Structure
  56. GC40801 (±)9(10)-DiHOME

    Leukotoxin diol

    (±)9(10)-DiHOME ist das Racemat von 9,10-DiHOME. (±)9(10)-DiHOME  Chemical Structure
  57. GC46000 (•)-Drimenol

    NSC 169775

    A sesquiterpene alcohol (•)-Drimenol  Chemical Structure
  58. GC40809 (+)-β-Citronellol

    (R)-Citronellol, (+)-Citronellol, (+)-(R)-Citronellol, (R)-(+)-β-Citronellol

    (+)-β-Citronellol (D-Citronellol) ist ein alkoholisches Monoterpen, das in Ätherischem GeranienÖl vorkommt. (+)-β-Citronellol  Chemical Structure
  59. GC49268 (+)-δ-Cadinene A sesquiterpene with antimicrobial and anticancer activities (+)-δ-Cadinene  Chemical Structure
  60. GC45263 (+)-D-threo-PDMP (hydrochloride)

    D-PDMP

    (+)-D-threo-PDMP is a ceramide analog and is one of the four possible stereoisomers of PDMP. (+)-D-threo-PDMP (hydrochloride)  Chemical Structure
  61. GC31691 (+)-DHMEQ

    (1R,2R,6R)-Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin; (1R,2R,6R)-DHMEQ

    (+)-DHMEQ ist ein Aktivator des antioxidativen Transkriptionsfaktors Nrf2. (+)-DHMEQ  Chemical Structure
  62. GC45266 (+)-Macrosphelide A (+)-Macrosphelide A ist ein Makrolid-Antibiotikum. (+)-Macrosphelide A  Chemical Structure
  63. GC40266 (+)-Praeruptorin A (+)-Praeruptorin A ist ein bioaktiver Hauptbestandteil von Peucedanum praeruptorum (auch bekannt als Bai-Hua Qian Hu). (+)-Praeruptorin A  Chemical Structure
  64. GC18749 (+)-Rugulosin

    NSC 160880, NSC 249990, Rugulosin A

    (+)-Rugulosin ist ein kristalliner Farbstoff von Penicillium rugulosum Thom. (+)-Rugulosin  Chemical Structure
  65. GC63969 (+)-Schisandrin B (+)-Schisandrin B ist ein Enantiomer von Schisandrin B. (+)-Schisandrin B  Chemical Structure
  66. GC40264 (+)-Valencene

    NSC 148969

    (+)-Valencene is a sesquiterpene that has been found in C.

    (+)-Valencene  Chemical Structure
  67. GC49502 (-)-β-Sesquiphellandrene A sesquiterpene with antiviral and anticancer activities (-)-β-Sesquiphellandrene  Chemical Structure
  68. GC32705 (-)-DHMEQ (Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin)

    Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin

    (-)-DHMEQ (Dehydroxymethylepoxychinomicin) (Dehydroxymethylepoxychinomicin) ist ein potenter, selektiver und irreversibler NF-⋺B-Inhibitor, der sich kovalent an einen Cysteinrest bindet. (-)-DHMEQ (Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin)  Chemical Structure
  69. GC14049 (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)

    EGCG

    Ein Phenol mit vielfältigen biologischen Aktivitäten.

    (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)  Chemical Structure
  70. GC45248 (-)-FINO2 (-)-FINO2 ist ein potenter Ferroptose-Induktor. (-)-FINO2 hemmt die AktivitÄt von GPX4. (-)-FINO2 ist ein stabiles Oxidationsmittel, das Eisen oxidiert und bei unterschiedlichen pH-Werten stabil ist. (-)-FINO2 verursacht eine weit verbreitete Lipidperoxidation. (-)-FINO2  Chemical Structure
  71. GC46245 (-)-G-Lactone A bicyclic γ-lactone (-)-G-Lactone  Chemical Structure
  72. GC38316 (-)-Limonene

    (±)-Dipentene, DL-Limonene, NSC 844, NSC 21446

    (-)-Limonen ((S)-(-)-Limonen) ist ein Monoterpen, das in vielen KiefernnadelÖlen und in Terpentin vorkommt. (-)-Limonene  Chemical Structure
  73. GC46247 (-)-Mycousnine

    Mycousunin

    A microbial metabolite with antibacterial and antifungal activities (-)-Mycousnine  Chemical Structure
  74. GC45251 (-)-Neplanocin A S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase catalyzes the reversible hydrolysis of SAH to adenosine and homocysteine. (-)-Neplanocin A  Chemical Structure
  75. GC45272 (-)-Rasfonin

    TT-1

    (-)-Rasfonin ist ein Pilz-SekundÄrmetabolit und hemmt kleine G-Proteine Ras. (-)-Rasfonin induziert Apoptose, Nekrose und Autophagie in ACHN-Zellen (einer Nierenkarzinom-Zelllinie). (-)-Rasfonin  Chemical Structure
  76. GC40803 (25S)-δ7-Dafachronic Acid

    UPF1404

    During unfavorable environmental conditions, C. (25S)-δ7-Dafachronic Acid  Chemical Structure
  77. GC52442 (D)-PPA 1 (trifluoroacetate salt)

    DPPA-1, NYSKPTDRQYHF

    An inhibitor of the PD-1-PD-L1 protein-protein interaction (D)-PPA 1 (trifluoroacetate salt)  Chemical Structure
  78. GC41700 (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine

    CSTMP

    (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (CSTMP) is a stilbene derivative with antioxidant and anticancer activities. (E)-2-(2-Chlorostyryl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine  Chemical Structure
  79. GC61668 (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid (E)-3,4-DimethoxyzimtsÄure ist das weniger aktive Isomer von 3,4-DimethoxyzimtsÄure. (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid  Chemical Structure
  80. GC41702 (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil

    BVU

    (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil (BVU) is a pyrimidine base and an inactive metabolite of the antiviral agents sorivudine and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) that may be regenerated to BVDU in vivo. (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil  Chemical Structure
  81. GC49003 (E)-Ajoene

    NSC 614554

    A disulfide with diverse biological activities (E)-Ajoene  Chemical Structure
  82. GC41703 (E)-C-HDMAPP (ammonium salt)

    (E)5hydroxy4methylpent3enyl pyrophosphate

    Synthetic and natural alkyl phosphates, also known as phosphoantigens, stimulate the proliferation of γδ-T lymphocytes. (E)-C-HDMAPP (ammonium salt)  Chemical Structure
  83. GC39747 (E/Z)-GSK5182 (E/Z)-GSK5182 ist eine racemische Verbindung der (E)-GSK5182- und (Z)-GSK5182-Isomere. (E/Z)-GSK5182  Chemical Structure
  84. GC61564 (E/Z)-IT-603 (E/Z)-IT-603 ist eine Mischung aus E-IT-603 und Z-IT-603 (IT-603). (E/Z)-IT-603  Chemical Structure
  85. GC72216 (Gly14)-Humanin (human) (acetate) (Gly14)-Humanin (human) (acetate) ist ein Analogon zu Humanin, bei dem die 14.Aminosäure Serin durch Glycin (Gly) ersetzt wurde. (Gly14)-Humanin (human) (acetate)  Chemical Structure
  86. GC41721 (R)-α-Lipoic Acid

    (R)-(+)-Lipoic Acid

    (R)-α-Lipoic acid is the naturally occurring enantiomer of lipoic acid, a cyclic disulfide antioxidant. (R)-α-Lipoic Acid  Chemical Structure
  87. GC49167 (R)-(+)-Trityl glycidyl ether

    (R)-Trityl Glycidol

    A synthetic precursor (R)-(+)-Trityl glycidyl ether  Chemical Structure
  88. GC13030 (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen

    (-)-Ibuprofen

    (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen ist das R-Enantiomer von Ibuprofen, inaktiv bei COX, hemmt die NF-κB-Aktivierung; (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen zeigt entzÜndungshemmende und antinozizeptive Wirkungen. (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen  Chemical Structure
  89. GC69823 (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen-d3

    (R)-Ibuprofen-d3

    (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen-d3 ist das Deuterium-Isotop von (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen. (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen ist das R-Isomer von Ibuprofen, hat keine Wirkung auf COX und kann die Aktivierung von NF-κB hemmen. (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen hat entzündungshemmende Eigenschaften und kann zur Erforschung der Schmerzlinderung eingesetzt werden.

    (R)-(-)-Ibuprofen-d3  Chemical Structure
  90. GC41620 (R)-(-)-Mellein

    Ochracin

    (R)-(-)-Mellein ist ein aus KulturflÜssigkeiten dieses Aspergillus isoliertes Antibiotikum. (R)-(-)-Mellein  Chemical Structure
  91. GC41712 (R)-3-hydroxy Myristic Acid

    (R)-3-hydroxy Tetradecanoic Acid

    Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are components of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. (R)-3-hydroxy Myristic Acid  Chemical Structure
  92. GC65610 (R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone (R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanon ist ein Diarylheptanoid, das in Alpinia officinarum vorkommt. (R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone  Chemical Structure
  93. GC65373 (R)-IL-17 modulator 4 (R)-IL-17-Modulator 4 ist die R-Konfiguration von IL-17-Modulator 4. (R)-IL-17 modulator 4  Chemical Structure
  94. GC12578 (R)-Lisofylline

    (−)-Lisofylline,(R)-LSF

    (R)-Lisofyllin ((R)-Lisophyllin) ist ein (R)-Enantiomer des Metaboliten von Pentoxifyllin mit entzÜndungshemmenden Eigenschaften. (R)-Lisofylline  Chemical Structure
  95. GC52185 (R,S)-Anatabine-d4

    (±)-Anatabine-d4

    (R,S)-Anatabine-d4  Chemical Structure
  96. GC71831 (Rac)-Anemonin (Rac)-Anemonin Rac-Pulsatilla Kampfer ist das Diastereoisomer von Anemonin. (Rac)-Anemonin  Chemical Structure
  97. GC39321 (Rac)-Myrislignan (Rac)-Myrislignan ist das Racemat von Myrislignan. (Rac)-Myrislignan  Chemical Structure
  98. GC66334 (Rac)-PF-184 hydrate (Rac)-PF-184-Hydrat ist ein potenter Inhibitorfaktor-⋺B-Kinase-2 (IKK-2)-Inhibitor mit einem IC50 von 37 nM. (Rac)-PF-184-Hydrat wirkt entzÜndungshemmend. (Rac)-PF-184 hydrate  Chemical Structure
  99. GC69799 (Rac)-ZLc-002

    (Rac)-ZLc-002 ist ein Inhibitor, der die Interaktion zwischen nNOS und dem Protein NOS1AP hemmt. Er hemmt entzündungsbedingte Schmerzen und neuropathische Schmerzen, die durch Chemotherapie verursacht werden, und senkt in Kombination mit Paclitaxel die Aktivität von Tumorzellen.

    (Rac)-ZLc-002  Chemical Structure
  100. GC46345 (S)-(-)-Perillaldehyde

    (–)-Perillaldehyde, L-Perillaldehyde, (S)-Perillaldehyde

    (S)-(-)-Perillaldehyd ist ein Hauptbestandteil des in Perillae Herba enthaltenen Ätherischen Öls. (S)-(-)-Perillaldehyde  Chemical Structure
  101. GC49028 (S)-3-Thienylglycine

    L-R-(3-Thienyl)glycine, L-α-3-Thienylglycine

    A thienyl-containing amino acid (S)-3-Thienylglycine  Chemical Structure

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