Nocardamine (Synonyms: Desferrioxamine E, Proferrioxamine E)

Nocardamine is a ferrioxamine siderophore that has been found in Streptomyces and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It chelates iron in a chrome azurol S assay (IC₅₀ = 9.9 µM).¹ Nocardamine inhibits M. smegmatis and M. bovis biofilm formation (MIC = 10 µM for both), an effect that can be reversed by iron.² It is cytotoxic to T47D, SK-MEL-5, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 cancer cells (IC₅₀s = 6, 18, 12, and 14 µM, respectively).³ Nocardamine also induces morphological changes in BM-N4 insect cells.⁴

1.Lopez, J.A.V., Nogawa, T., Futamura, Y., et al.Nocardamin glucuronide, a new member of the ferrioxamine siderophores isolated from the ascamycin-producing strain Streptomyces sp. 80H647J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)72(12)991-995(2019) 2.Ishida, S., Arai, M., Niikawa, H., et al.Inhibitory effect of cyclic trihydroxamate siderophore, desferrioxamine E, on the biofilm formation of Mycobacterium speciesBiol. Pharm. Bull.34(6)917-920(2011) 3.Kalinovskaya, N.I., Romaneko, L.A., Irisawa, T., et al.Marine isolate Citricoccus sp. KMM 3890 as a source of a cyclic siderophore nocardamine with antitumor activityMicrobiol. Res.166(8)654-661(2011) 4.Matsubara, K., Sakuda, S., Tanaka, M., et al.Morphological changes in insect BM-N4 cells induced by nocardamineBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.62(10)2049-2051(1998)