1-Hydroxyphenazine (Synonyms: Hemipyocyanine, NSC 88882) |
Katalog-Nr.GC46481
One-Click Copy Product Info
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1-Hydroxyphenazine is a potent α-amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.1µg/ml.
Products are for research use only. Not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Cas No.: 528-71-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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1-Hydroxyphenazine is a potent α-amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.1µg/ml[1]. 1-Hydroxyphenazine inhibits α-amylase with a good binding energy score (-9.0kcal/mol) via interaction with amino acids Lys156, Leu313, and Arg315 at the active site, and three bonds (1 H-acceptor and 2 pi-H) were generated[2]. 1-Hydroxyphenazine is the main metabolite of pyocyanin (PYO) and is widely used as a biomarker for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections[3]. 1-Hydroxyphenazine has been widely used to induce oxidative stress and inhibit the growth of various fungi[4].
In vitro, 1-Hydroxyphenazine treatment for 3 days significantly suppressed hatching of nematode eggs, with an IC50 value of 0.441mg/ml[5]. Incubation with 5μg/ml 1-Hydroxyphenazine for 24 hours reduced the production of TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells, maintained the normal morphology of the cells, and reduced the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6[6]. Treatment of 1231N1 cells with 100μM 1-Hydroxyphenazine for 24 hours induced the accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles, increased mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and promoted the activation of caspase-3[7].
In vivo, a single intravenous injection of 1-Hydroxyphenazine (200ng) reduced the airway mucus flow rate in anesthetized guinea pigs within 20 minutes[8]. The injection of 3ml 1-Hydroxyphenazine (10μM) into the segmental bronchi of the contralateral lung induced an increase in neutrophils and a rise in albumin concentration in the airways of sheep lungs after 24 hours[9].
References:[1] Nguyen T H, Wang S L, Nguyen A D, et al. Novel α-amylase inhibitor hemi-pyocyanin produced by microbial conversion of chitinous discards[J]. Marine Drugs, 2022, 20(5): 283.
[2] Nguyen V B, Wang S L, Nguyen A D. Bioconversion of a peanut oil processing by-product into a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor: Hemi-pyocyanin[J]. Processes, 2023, 11(5): 1468.
[3] Pastells C, Pascual N, Sanchez-Baeza F, et al. Immunochemical determination of pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine as potential biomarkers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections[J]. Analytical chemistry, 2016, 88(3): 1631-1638.
[4] Abuelhaded K, Mohamed H H, Faraag A H I, et al. Pseudomonas spp. and antimicrobial resistance: unlocking new horizons with 1-hydroxyphenazine[J]. Folia Microbiologica, 2025, 70(6): 1173-1199.
[5] Nguyen T H, Wang S L, Nguyen T H, et al. Utilization of fishery-processing by-product squid pens for scale-up production of phenazines via microbial conversion and its novel potential antinematode effect[J]. Fishes, 2022, 7(3): 113.
[6] Xiao J, Thwe A A, Liu T, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of an extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its purified product 1-hydroxyphenazine on RAW264. 7 cells[J]. Current Microbiology, 2021, 78(7): 2762-2773.
[7] McFarland A J, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Perkins A V, et al. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine protects 1321N1 astrocytoma cells against pyocyanin-and 1-hydroxyphenazine-induced toxicity[J]. Archives of toxicology, 2012, 86(2): 275-284.
[8] Munro N C, Barker A, Rutman A, et al. Effect of pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine on in vivo tracheal mucus velocity[J]. Journal of applied physiology, 1989, 67(1): 316-323.
[9] Lauredo I T, Sabater J R, Ahmed A, et al. Mechanism of pyocyanin-and 1-hydroxyphenazine-induced lung neutrophilia in sheep airways[J]. Journal of applied physiology, 1998, 85(6): 2298-2304.
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
RAW264.7 cells |
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Preparation Method |
RAW264.7 cells were cultivated in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C in an incubator with 5% CO2. Cells in the logarithmic phase were plated in 96-well plates at 5000 cells/well for 24h, and were treated with different concentration of 1-Hydroxyphenazine (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80μM) for 24h. Cell proliferation was measured. |
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Reaction Conditions |
0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80μM; 24h |
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Applications |
1-Hydroxyphenazine treatment decreased the cell proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Sheep (ewes) |
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Preparation Method |
Sheep (27-41kg) were restrained in a modified shopping cart, the distal tip of a specially designed 80-cm fiber-optic bronchoscope was wedged into a subsegmental bronchus of one lung. Lung lavage was performed by slow infusion and gentle aspiration of 30ml of PBS at 39°C. Once the baseline lavage was completed, 3ml of either diluent (0.1% ethanol in PBS) or the 1-Hydroxyphenazine at 100μM were instilled into a segmental bronchus in the contralateral lung. Twenty-four hours later, this bronchus was lavaged with 30ml of PBS. The volume of the effluent was recorded, and then the fluid was filtered through a double layer of gauze and placed immediately on ice for analysis. |
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Dosage form |
3ml (100μM); once; bronchus injection |
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Applications |
1-Hydroxyphenazine treatment induced lung neutrophilia in sheep, accompanied by an increased concentration of albumin. |
| References: [1] Xiao J, Thwe A A, Liu T, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of an extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its purified product 1-hydroxyphenazine on RAW264. 7 cells[J]. Current Microbiology, 2021, 78(7): 2762-2773. [2] Lauredo I T, Sabater J R, Ahmed A, et al. Mechanism of pyocyanin-and 1-hydroxyphenazine-induced lung neutrophilia in sheep airways[J]. Journal of applied physiology, 1998, 85(6): 2298-2304. | |
| Cas No. | 528-71-2 | SDF | |
| Überlieferungen | Hemipyocyanine, NSC 88882 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC1=CC=CC2=C1N=C(C=CC=C3)C3=N2 | ||
| Formula | C12H8N2O | M.Wt | 196.2 |
| Löslichkeit | DMF: 10 mg/ml,DMSO: 10 mg/ml,Ethanol: 1 mg/ml | Storage | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | Please select the appropriate solvent to prepare the stock solution according to the
solubility of the product in different solvents; once the solution is prepared, please store it in
separate packages to avoid product failure caused by repeated freezing and thawing.Storage method
and period of the stock solution: When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months; when stored
at -20°C, please use it within 1 month. To increase solubility, heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate in an ultrasonic bath for some time. |
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| Shipping Condition | Evaluation sample solution: shipped with blue ice. All other sizes available: with RT, or with Blue Ice upon request. | ||
| Prepare stock solution | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.0968 mL | 25.4842 mL | 50.9684 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0194 mL | 5.0968 mL | 10.1937 mL |
| 10 mM | 509.7 μL | 2.5484 mL | 5.0968 mL |
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Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL saline, mix and clarify.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.
Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >95.00% Appearance: A solid
- COA (Certificate of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Average Rating: 5 (Based on Reviews and 22 reference(s) in Google Scholar.)