Hemokinin 1 (human) (trifluoroacetate salt) (Synonyms: HK-1, TGKASQFFGLM-NH2, Thr-Gly-Lys-Ala-Ser-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2)

Hemokinin 1 is a tachykinin peptide neurokinin-1 (NK₁) receptor agonist.^1,2,3,4,5 It induces migration of A375 and B16/F10 melanoma cells when used at a concentration of 1 µM, an effect that can be reversed by the NK₁ receptor antagonist L-732,138 .¹ Hemokinin 1 (0.001-0.1 µM) promotes the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).² It induces the production of prostaglandin E₂ in human colon mucosal and muscle explants.³ Intracerebroventricular administration of hemokinin 1 increases the latency to withdrawal in the tail-flick test in mice in a dose-dependent manner.⁴ It decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate in anesthetized rats when administered at doses ranging from 1 to 30 nmol/kg.⁵

1.Zhang, Y., Li, X., Li, J., et al.Human hemokinin-1 promotes migration of melanoma cells and increases MMP-2 and MT1-MMP expression by activating tumor cell NK1 receptorsPeptides838-15(2016) 2.Song, H., Yin, W., Zeng, Q., et al.Hemokinins modulate endothelium function and promote angiogenesis through neurokinin-1 receptorInt. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.44(9)1410-1421(2012) 3.Dai, L., Perera, D.S., King, D.W., et al.Hemokinin-1 stimulates prostaglandin E2 production in human colon through activation of cyclooxygenase-2 and inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenaseJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.340(1)27-36(2012) 4.Fu, C.Y., Zhao, Y.L., Dong, L., et al.In vivo characterization of the effects of human hemokinin-1 and human hemokinin-1(4-11), mammalian tachykinin peptides, on the modulation of pain in miceBrain Behav. Immun.22(6)850-860(2008) 5.Kong, Z.-Q., Fu, C.-Y., Chen, Q., et al.Cardiovascular responses to intravenous administration of human hemokinin-1 and its truncated form hemokinin-1(4-11) in anesthetized ratsEur. J. Pharmacol.590(1-3)310-316(2008)