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Proteases

Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio

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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.

Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.

Research Areas

Products Related to Proteases(4895)

  • GC68578 structure
    GC685787-Methoxy obtusifolin
    CAS: 1820806-09-4
    Purity: >98.00%

    7-Methoxy obtusifolin (Compound 4) is a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.0 μM.

  • GC68587 structure
    GC68587A-908292
    CAS: 903886-95-3
    Purity: >99.00%

    A-908292 is an effective and selective inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2), with an IC50 value of 23 nM for hACC2. A-908292 can be used in the study of fatty acid metabolism.

  • GC68598 structure
    GC68598Ac-Ala-OH-d3
    CAS: 1485548-36-4
    Purity: >99.00%

    Ac-Ala-OH-d3 is the deuterated form of Ac-Ala-OH. Ac-Ala-OH is an endogenous metabolite.

  • GC68600 structure
    GC68600Ac-DEVD-CMK TFA
    Purity: >98.00%

    Ac-DEVD-CMK (Caspase-3 Inhibitor III) TFA is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-3. Ac-DEVD-CMK TFA significantly inhibits apoptosis induced by high levels of glucose or 3,20-dibenzoate (IDB; 5). Ac-DEVD-CMK TFA can be used in various experimental methods to inhibit cell apoptosis.

  • GC68603 structure
    GC68603Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-IN-1
    CAS: 179343-23-8
    Purity: >99.00%

    Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-IN-1 is an effective inhibitor of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), with an IC50 value of

  • GC68620 structure
    GC68620Ac-VLPE-FMK
    CAS: 2679825-27-3
    Purity: >99.00%

    Ac-VLPE-FMK is a tetrapeptide-based monofluoromethyl ketone (m-FMK) and an inhibitor of Cat-B and Cat-L. It can be used in cancer invasion research.

  • GC68621 structure
    GC68621Ac-WEHD-AFC TFA
    Purity: >98.00%

    Ac-WEHD-AFC TFA is a fluorescent substrate for caspase-1. It can detect the fluorescence activity of caspase-1 and is used in research on tumors and inflammation.

  • GC68635 structure
    GC68635ALDH3A1-IN-1
    CAS: 1039855-56-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    ALDH3A1-IN-1 (Compound 18) is an effective inhibitor of ALDH3A1 with an IC50 of 1.61 μM. As a monotherapy or in combination with docetaxel, ALDH3A1-IN-1 is more effective than DEAB on primary prostate tumor epithelial cells derived from patients.

  • GC68641 structure
    GC68641ALOX15-IN-1
    Purity: >98.00%

    ALOX15-IN-1 (compound 8b) is an effective and selective inhibitor of rabbit and human ALOX15 linoleate oxygenase activity, with IC50 values of 0.04 μM for ALOX15 homologous substrate linoleic acid (LA) and 2.06 μM for arachidonic acid (AA).

  • GC68656 structure
    GC68656Andecaliximab
    CAS: 1518996-49-0
    Purity: >95.00%

    Andecaliximab is a recombinant IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Andecaliximab has demonstrated anti-fibrotic efficacy in a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Andecaliximab can be used for research on gastric adenocarcinoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

  • GC68703 structure
    GC68703AT-533
    CAS: 908112-37-8
    Purity: >98.00%

    AT-533 is an effective inhibitor of Hsp90 and HSV. It inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis by blocking the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. AT-533 also inhibits downstream pathway activation, including Akt/mTOR/p70S6K, Erk1/2, and FAK. AT-533 suppresses tube formation, cell migration, and invasion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

  • GC68710 structure
    GC68710AXKO-0046 dihydrochloride
    Purity: >99.00%

    AXKO-0046 dihydrochloride, an indole derivative, is a selective inhibitor of LDHB. AXKO-0046 dihydrochloride has LDHB inhibitory activity with an EC50 value of 42 nM. It can be used for research on cancer metabolism.

  • GC68787 structure
    GC68787Boc-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone
    CAS: 187389-53-3
    Purity: >98.00%

    Boc-Asp(OME)-Fluoromethyl Keton is a widely used caspase inhibitor that can inhibit Fas-mediated phagocytosis and oxidative burst inhibition, but does not affect the chemotactic activity of IL-8.

  • GC68788 structure
    GC68788Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC acetate
    Purity: >99.00%

    Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC acetate is a fluorescent substrate for trypsin. It can be used to measure the protein hydrolytic activity of TMPRSS2.

  • GC68790 structure
    GC68790Bococizumab
    CAS: 1407495-02-6
    Purity: >99.00%

    Bococizumab (PF-04950615) is an antibody inhibitor of human PCSK9 that can lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Bococizumab can be used in the study of hypercholesterolemia.

  • GC68801 structure
    GC68801Bradykinin potentiator B
    CAS: 30892-86-5
    Purity: >99.00%

    Bradykinin potentiator B is a venom from Agkistrodon halys blomhoffi. It is an effective ACE inhibitor and inhibits the activity of kininase II.

  • GC68836 structure
    GC68836Cathepsin X-IN-1
    CAS: 2418577-51-0
    Purity: >98.00%

    Cathepsin X-IN-1 (compound 25) is an effective inhibitor of tissue protease X, with an IC50 of 7.13 μM. Cathepsin X-IN-1 reduces PC-3 cell migration and has low cytotoxicity.

  • GC68840 structure
    GC68840Cbl-b-IN-3
    CAS: 2573775-59-2
    Purity: >99.00%

    Cbl-b-IN-3 (Compound 23) is an inhibitor of Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene b (Cbl-b), with an IC50 of

  • GC68861 structure
    GC68861Cholestenone-13C
    CAS: 68165-57-1
    Purity: >99.00%

    Cholestenone-13C is a 13C-labeled Cholestenone. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one) is an intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, mainly metabolized in the liver. Cholestenone has high mobility in membranes and can affect the flip-flop and efflux of cholesterol. Cholestenone may lead to long-term functional defects in cells.

  • GC68862 structure
    GC68862Cholestenone-d5
    CAS: 72560-60-2
    Purity: >99.00%

    Cholestenone-d5 is the deuterated form of Cholestenone. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one) is an intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, mainly metabolized in the liver. Cholestenone has high mobility in membranes and can affect cholesterol flipping and efflux. Cholestenone may lead to long-term functional defects in cells.

  • GC68872 structure
    GC68872Citric acid triammonium
    CAS: 3458-72-8
    Purity: >99.00%

    Citric acid triammonium (Triammonium citrate) is formed by reacting Citric acid and ammonia in a 1:3 molar ratio. It can be used as a carbon source to prepare carbon quantum dots (CDs). Citric acid triammonium with high nitrogen content may promote the formation of nitrogen-based functional groups in CDs, thereby improving the tunable emission color of CDs.

  • GC68890 structure
    GC68890Cofrogliptin
    CAS: 1844874-26-5
    Purity: >98.00%

    Cofrogliptin (HSK7653) (compound 2), a tetrahydrofuran derivative, is an effective oral DPP-4 inhibitor with long-lasting blood sugar-lowering effects. Cofrogliptin (compound 2) has great potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

  • GC68901 structure
    GC68901Creatine-d5 monohydrate
    Purity: >99.00%

    Creatine-d5 (monohydrate) is the deuterated form of Creatine monohydrate. Creatine monohydrate, an endogenous amino acid metabolite, plays an important role in cellular energy, especially in muscles and the brain.

  • GC68902 structure
    GC68902Creatinine-d5
    Purity: >99.00%

    Creatinine-d5 is the deuterated form of creatinine. Creatinine (NSC13123) is a breakdown product of phosphocreatine in muscles.