Proteases
Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio
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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.
A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.
Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.
Research Areas
- Caspase(199)
- Aminopeptidase(30)
- ACE(81)
- Calpains(11)
- Carboxypeptidase(11)
- Cathepsin(81)
- DPP-4(18)
- Elastase(25)
- Gamma Secretase(42)
- HCV Protease(37)
- HSP(128)
- HIV Integrase(28)
- HIV Protease(37)
- MMP(234)
- NS3/4a protease(4)
- Serine Protease(16)
- Thrombin(47)
- Urokinase(2)
- Other Proteases(15)
- Tyrosinases(61)
- 15-PGDH(3)
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase(22)
- Acyltransferase(72)
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)(35)
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase(12)
- ATGL(1)
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase(59)
- Drug Metabolite(571)
- E1/E2/E3 Enzyme(125)
- Endogenous Metabolite(2056)
- FABP(8)
- Farnesyl Transferase(21)
- Glutaminase(22)
- Glutathione Peroxidase(51)
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)(32)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase(23)
- Lipoxygenase(267)
- Mitochondrial Metabolism(278)
- NEDD8-activating Enzyme(7)
- Neprilysin(13)
- PAI-1(20)
- Ser/Thr Protease(79)
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase(13)
- Xanthine Oxidase(24)
- MALT1(11)
- PCSK9(15)
- ADAMTS(1)
- TrxR(3)
- DGK(7)
- Quinone Reductase(1)
- Glycosidase(17)
- Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase(2)
Products Related to Proteases(4895)
- GC68925cyclo(RLsKDK) TFAPurity: >99.00%
cyclo(RLsKDK) (TFA) (BK-1361 (TFA)) is a specific inhibitor of the metalloproteinase ADAM8, with an IC50 value of 182 nM. It has potential applications in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
- GC68935D-Alanine-d7CAS: 2483831-62-3Purity: >99.00%
D-Alanine-d7 is the deuterated form of D-Alanine. D-Alanine ((R)-Alanine) is a weak agonist for GlyR and PMBA, with an EC50 value of 9 mM for GlyR.
- GC68967D-Fructose-13C2CAS: 2483736-14-5Purity: >98.00%
D-Fructose-13C2 is a 13C-labeled form of D-fructose. D-fructose (D(-)-fructose) is a natural monosaccharide found in many plants.
- GC68968D-Fructose-6-13CCAS: 287100-63-4Purity: >98.00%
D-Fructose-6-13C is a 13C-labeled form of D-fructose. D-fructose (D(-)-fructose) is a natural monosaccharide found in many plants.
- GC68970D-Galactose-13CCAS: 70849-30-8Purity: >98.00%
D-Galactose-13C is a 13C-labeled form of D-galactose. D-galactose is a natural hexose and the C-4 epimer of glucose.
- GC68971D-Galactose-13C6CAS: 74134-89-7Purity: >98.00%
D-Galactose-13C6 is the deuterated form of D-galactose. D-galactose is a naturally occurring hexose sugar and an epimer of glucose at carbon 4.
- GC68990DL-GlyceraldehydeCAS: 56-82-6Purity: >90.00%
DL-Glyceraldehyde is a monosaccharide. It is the simplest aldose sugar. DL-Glyceraldehyde can be used for various biochemical research purposes.
- GC69016D-Sorbitol-13CCAS: 287100-73-6Purity: >98.00%
D-Sorbitol-13C is a 13C-labeled form of D-sorbitol. D-sorbitol (Sorbitol) is a six-carbon sugar alcohol that can be used as a substitute for sugar. D-sorbitol can be used as a stable excipient and/or iso-osmotic agent, sweetener, moisturizer, thickening agent, and dietary supplement.
- GC69017D-Sorbitol-d8CAS: 287962-59-8Purity: >98.00%
D-Sorbitol-d8 is the deuterated form of D-Sorbitol. D-Sorbitol (Sorbitol) is a six-carbon sugar alcohol that can be used as a substitute for sugar. D-Sorbitol can be used as a stable excipient and/or isotonic agent, sweetener, moisturizer, thickener, and dietary supplement.
- GC69028D-Tyrosine-d4CAS: 944386-47-4Purity: >98.00%
D-Tyrosine-d4 is the deuterated form of D-Tyrosine. D-Tyrosine is the D-isomer of tyrosine. It negatively regulates melanin synthesis by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production. D-Tyrosine also inhibits biofilm formation and triggers self-diffusion of biofilms without affecting bacterial growth.
- GC69063Endo-1,3-β-glucanaseCAS: 9025-37-0
Endo-1,3-beta-glucanase specifically hydrolyzes beta-1,3-glycosidic bonds randomly along the beta-glucan chain, with beta-glucan oligosaccharides being the main end products. Endo-1,3-beta-glucanase can be produced by various fungi and is commonly used in biochemical experiments.
- GC69087Ethylmalonic acid-d5CAS: 66311-22-6Purity: >98.00%
Ethylmalonic acid-d5 is the deuterated form of Ethylmalonic acid. Ethylmalonic acid is a potentially toxic non-carcinogenic substance associated with anorexia nervosa and methoxyacetic acid deficiency.
- GC69098Febuxostat impurity 7CAS: 1350352-70-3Purity: >98.00%
Febuxostat impurity 7 is an impurity of Febuxostat. Febuxostat is a selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) with a Ki value of 0.6 nM.
- GC69102FeniralstatCAS: 2166320-76-7Purity: >99.00%
Feniralstat is a derivative of pyrazole and an effective inhibitor of kallikrein, with an IC50 value of 6.7 nM for human plasma kallikrein (pKal). Feniralstat does not inhibit human KLK1, human FXIa, or human factor Xlla (IC50 values all >40 μM).
- GC69115FlanvotumabCAS: 1188277-05-5Purity: >97.00%
Flanvotumab (IMC-20D7S) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), which is specifically expressed in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Flanvotumab exerts its function through natural killer cell-mediated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It has strong anti-tumor activity and good tolerability.
- GC69141Galactosylhydroxylysine hydrochloridePurity: >99.00%
Galactosylhydroxylysine hydrochloride is a component of collagen protein produced by glycosylation after translation of hydroxylysine. Galactosylhydroxylysine hydrochloride is released during bone resorption and increases in metabolic bone loss diseases.
- GC69145GalegenimabCAS: 2403683-24-7Purity: >98.00%
Galegenimab (FHTR 2163; RG 6147; RO 7171009) is an anti-HTRA1 antibody fragment. Galegenimab can be used in research on age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
- GC69176Glutaric acid-d4CAS: 19136-99-3Purity: >99.00%
Glutaric acid-d4 is the deuterated form of glutaric acid. Glutaric acid, a C5 dicarboxylic acid, is an intermediate in the metabolism pathways of lysine and tryptophan degradation. Glutaric acid affects the contractility and migration of peripheral cells. Glutaric acid is an indicator for type I glutaric aciduria.
- GC69179Glycocyamine-15N,13C2CAS: 2483829-93-0Purity: >97.00%
Glycocyamine-15N,13C2 is a labeled form of Glycocyamine with 13C and 15N. Glycocyamine (Guanidinoacetic acid) is a precursor to creatine and can serve as a substitute for dietary arginine. It also provides energy balance in birds' bodies.
- GC69199Guluronic acid sodiumPurity: >98.00%
Guluronic acid sodium is a monosaccharide of guluronic acid and also a non-steroidal isomer of glucuronic acid. Guluronic acid sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
- GC69217HECT E3-IN-1CAS: 1810058-52-6Purity: >99.00%
HECT E3-IN-1 (compound 3) is an inhibitor of HECT E3 ligase. HECT E3-IN-1 (compound 3) disrupts the non-covalent binding site of Ub with Nedd4-1.
- GC69220Heptadecanoic acid-d33CAS: 352431-41-5Purity: >99.00%
Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is the deuterated form of Heptadecanoic acid. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, as well as multiple sclerosis.
- GC69254IDH1 Inhibitor 7CAS: 2135309-56-5Purity: >99.00%
IDH1 Inhibitor 7 (Compound 88) is an IDH1 inhibitor with an IC50 of less than 100 nM.
| Catalog No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Purity | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GC68925 | cyclo(RLsKDK) TFA | - | >99.00% | |
cyclo(RLsKDK) (TFA) (BK-1361 (TFA)) is a specific inhibitor of the metalloproteinase ADAM8, with an IC50 value of 182 nM. It has potential applications in inflammatory diseases and cancer. | ||||
| GC68935 | D-Alanine-d7 | 2483831-62-3 | >99.00% | |
D-Alanine-d7 is the deuterated form of D-Alanine. D-Alanine ((R)-Alanine) is a weak agonist for GlyR and PMBA, with an EC50 value of 9 mM for GlyR. | ||||
| GC68967 | D-Fructose-13C2 | 2483736-14-5 | >98.00% | |
D-Fructose-13C2 is a 13C-labeled form of D-fructose. D-fructose (D(-)-fructose) is a natural monosaccharide found in many plants. | ||||
| GC68968 | D-Fructose-6-13C | 287100-63-4 | >98.00% | |
D-Fructose-6-13C is a 13C-labeled form of D-fructose. D-fructose (D(-)-fructose) is a natural monosaccharide found in many plants. | ||||
| GC68970 | D-Galactose-13C | 70849-30-8 | >98.00% | |
D-Galactose-13C is a 13C-labeled form of D-galactose. D-galactose is a natural hexose and the C-4 epimer of glucose. | ||||
| GC68971 | D-Galactose-13C6 | 74134-89-7 | >98.00% | |
D-Galactose-13C6 is the deuterated form of D-galactose. D-galactose is a naturally occurring hexose sugar and an epimer of glucose at carbon 4. | ||||
| GC68990 | DL-Glyceraldehyde | 56-82-6 | >90.00% | |
DL-Glyceraldehyde is a monosaccharide. It is the simplest aldose sugar. DL-Glyceraldehyde can be used for various biochemical research purposes. | ||||
| GC69016 | D-Sorbitol-13C | 287100-73-6 | >98.00% | |
D-Sorbitol-13C is a 13C-labeled form of D-sorbitol. D-sorbitol (Sorbitol) is a six-carbon sugar alcohol that can be used as a substitute for sugar. D-sorbitol can be used as a stable excipient and/or iso-osmotic agent, sweetener, moisturizer, thickening agent, and dietary supplement. | ||||
| GC69017 | D-Sorbitol-d8 | 287962-59-8 | >98.00% | |
D-Sorbitol-d8 is the deuterated form of D-Sorbitol. D-Sorbitol (Sorbitol) is a six-carbon sugar alcohol that can be used as a substitute for sugar. D-Sorbitol can be used as a stable excipient and/or isotonic agent, sweetener, moisturizer, thickener, and dietary supplement. | ||||
| GC69028 | D-Tyrosine-d4 | 944386-47-4 | >98.00% | |
D-Tyrosine-d4 is the deuterated form of D-Tyrosine. D-Tyrosine is the D-isomer of tyrosine. It negatively regulates melanin synthesis by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production. D-Tyrosine also inhibits biofilm formation and triggers self-diffusion of biofilms without affecting bacterial growth. | ||||
| GC69063 | Endo-1,3-β-glucanase | 9025-37-0 | - | |
Endo-1,3-beta-glucanase specifically hydrolyzes beta-1,3-glycosidic bonds randomly along the beta-glucan chain, with beta-glucan oligosaccharides being the main end products. Endo-1,3-beta-glucanase can be produced by various fungi and is commonly used in biochemical experiments. | ||||
| GC69087 | Ethylmalonic acid-d5 | 66311-22-6 | >98.00% | |
Ethylmalonic acid-d5 is the deuterated form of Ethylmalonic acid. Ethylmalonic acid is a potentially toxic non-carcinogenic substance associated with anorexia nervosa and methoxyacetic acid deficiency. | ||||
| GC69098 | Febuxostat impurity 7 | 1350352-70-3 | >98.00% | |
Febuxostat impurity 7 is an impurity of Febuxostat. Febuxostat is a selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) with a Ki value of 0.6 nM. | ||||
| GC69102 | Feniralstat | 2166320-76-7 | >99.00% | |
Feniralstat is a derivative of pyrazole and an effective inhibitor of kallikrein, with an IC50 value of 6.7 nM for human plasma kallikrein (pKal). Feniralstat does not inhibit human KLK1, human FXIa, or human factor Xlla (IC50 values all >40 μM). | ||||
| GC69115 | Flanvotumab | 1188277-05-5 | >97.00% | |
Flanvotumab (IMC-20D7S) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), which is specifically expressed in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Flanvotumab exerts its function through natural killer cell-mediated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It has strong anti-tumor activity and good tolerability. | ||||
| GC69141 | Galactosylhydroxylysine hydrochloride | - | >99.00% | |
Galactosylhydroxylysine hydrochloride is a component of collagen protein produced by glycosylation after translation of hydroxylysine. Galactosylhydroxylysine hydrochloride is released during bone resorption and increases in metabolic bone loss diseases. | ||||
| GC69145 | Galegenimab | 2403683-24-7 | >98.00% | |
Galegenimab (FHTR 2163; RG 6147; RO 7171009) is an anti-HTRA1 antibody fragment. Galegenimab can be used in research on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). | ||||
| GC69176 | Glutaric acid-d4 | 19136-99-3 | >99.00% | |
Glutaric acid-d4 is the deuterated form of glutaric acid. Glutaric acid, a C5 dicarboxylic acid, is an intermediate in the metabolism pathways of lysine and tryptophan degradation. Glutaric acid affects the contractility and migration of peripheral cells. Glutaric acid is an indicator for type I glutaric aciduria. | ||||
| GC69179 | Glycocyamine-15N,13C2 | 2483829-93-0 | >97.00% | |
Glycocyamine-15N,13C2 is a labeled form of Glycocyamine with 13C and 15N. Glycocyamine (Guanidinoacetic acid) is a precursor to creatine and can serve as a substitute for dietary arginine. It also provides energy balance in birds' bodies. | ||||
| GC69199 | Guluronic acid sodium | - | >98.00% | |
Guluronic acid sodium is a monosaccharide of guluronic acid and also a non-steroidal isomer of glucuronic acid. Guluronic acid sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. | ||||
| GC69217 | HECT E3-IN-1 | 1810058-52-6 | >99.00% | |
HECT E3-IN-1 (compound 3) is an inhibitor of HECT E3 ligase. HECT E3-IN-1 (compound 3) disrupts the non-covalent binding site of Ub with Nedd4-1. | ||||
| GC69220 | Heptadecanoic acid-d33 | 352431-41-5 | >99.00% | |
Heptadecanoic acid-d33 is the deuterated form of Heptadecanoic acid. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA). Heptadecanoic acid is associated with several diseases, including coronary heart disease, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, as well as multiple sclerosis. | ||||
| GC69254 | IDH1 Inhibitor 7 | 2135309-56-5 | >99.00% | |
IDH1 Inhibitor 7 (Compound 88) is an IDH1 inhibitor with an IC50 of less than 100 nM. | ||||
| GC69260 | IGUANA-1 | 2756014-25-0 | >98.00% | |
IGUANA-1 is an efficient inhibitor of ALDH1B1, which is a mitochondrial enzyme that promotes colorectal and pancreatic cancer. IGUANA-1 has significant inhibitory effects on cancer cells. | ||||
