Proteases
Proteases - Signaling Pathways | GlpBio
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Proteases is a general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide chains. According to the way they degrade polypeptides, they are divided into two categories: endopeptidases and telopeptidases. The former can cut the large molecular weight polypeptide chain from the middle to form prions and peptones with smaller molecular weights; the latter can be divided into carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase, which respectively remove the peptide from the free carboxyl terminus or free amino terminus of the polypeptide one by one. Chain hydrolysis produces amino acids.
A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins. According to the way they hydrolyze polypeptides, they can be divided into endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Endopeptidase cleaves the interior of the protein molecule to form smaller molecular weight peptones and peptones. Exopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds one by one from the end of the free amino group or carboxyl group of protein molecules, and frees amino acids, the former is aminopeptidase and the latter is carboxypeptidase. Proteases can be classified into serine proteases, sulfhydryl proteases, metalloproteases and aspartic proteases according to their active centers and optimum pH. According to the optimum pH value of its reaction, it is divided into acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. The proteases used in industrial production are mainly endopeptidases.
Proteases are widely found in animal offal, plant stems and leaves, fruits and microorganisms. Microbial proteases are mainly produced by molds and bacteria, followed by yeast and actinomycetes.
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins. There are many kinds, the important ones are pepsin, trypsin, cathepsin, papain and subtilisin. Proteases have strict selectivity for the reaction substrates they act on. A protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as the peptide bonds formed by the hydrolysis of basic amino acids catalyzed by trypsin. Proteases are widely distributed, mainly in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and are abundant in plants and microorganisms. Due to limited animal and plant resources, the industrial production of protease preparations is mainly prepared by fermentation of microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus terrestris.
Research Areas
- Caspase(168)
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- ACE(79)
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- Carboxypeptidase(10)
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- Other Proteases(15)
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- ATGL(1)
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- NEDD8-activating Enzyme(7)
- Neprilysin(12)
- PAI-1(19)
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- Tryptophan Hydroxylase(12)
- Xanthine Oxidase(20)
- MALT1(11)
- PCSK9(15)
- ADAMTS(1)
- TrxR(2)
- DGK(6)
- Quinone Reductase(1)
- Glycosidase(14)
Products Related to Proteases(4533)
- GC79579Cathepsin D degrader 1CAS: 3127060-85-6Purity: >95.00%
Anti-hepatic fibrosis agent 3 is an orally active anti-hepatic fibrosis compound targeting Cathepsin D.
- GC79580Z-Arg-Lys-AOMKCAS: 2810056-57-4Purity: >98%
Z-Arg-Lys-AOMK is a cathepsin B inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier.
- GC79581S2160 hydrochlorideCAS: 38789-84-3Purity: >98.00%
S2160 hydrochloride is a substrate of Cathepsin B that can be utilized in the calorimetric assay for the measurement of cathepsin B [1] .
- GC79583Ac-Glu-Asp(EDANS)-Lys-Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys(DABCYL)-Glu-NH2 acetatePurity: >99.00%
Ac-Glu-Asp(EDANS)-Lys-Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys(DABCYL)-Glu-NH2 acetate is a Cathepsin D substrate, that can be used for cathepsin D FRET assay [1] .
- GC79584UDP-GlucosamineCAS: 17479-04-8Purity: >98%
UDP-Glucosamine is a sugar nucleotide analog, glycosyl donor, and metabolite of D-galactosamine.
- GC795884'-HydroxywarfarinCAS: 24579-14-4Purity: >99.50%
4′-Hydroxywarfarin is a regioisomeric phenolic derivative of Warfarin.
- GC79591(1R)-BMS-986408CAS: 2618418-11-2Purity: >99.00%
(1R)-BMS-986408 is an orally active dual DGK α/ζ inhibitor that restores T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity by enhancing T cell signaling [1] .
- GC79593DPP-4-IN-18CAS: 486460-31-5Purity: >98%
DPP-4-IN-18 (Sitagliptin impurity 3) (Compound 4) impurity 3 is a potent, selective and orally active DPP-4 inhibitor with an IC 50 of 27 nM.
- GC795941-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-propanolCAS: 5349-60-0Purity: >99.00%
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol (Compound 2) is an orally active derivative of anethole.
- GC79595N-NitrosoglyphosateCAS: 56516-72-4Purity: >98%
N-Nitrosoglyphosate is the nitrosamine degradation product of glyphosate herbicidee.
- GC79596(S)-4-HydroxymephenytoinCAS: 82695-93-0Purity: >98%
(S) -4-Hydroxy mephenytoin is a metabolite derived from the stereoselective metabolism of mephenytoin.
- GC79597N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteineCAS: 103974-29-4Purity: >98.00%
N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl) cysteine is a metabolite of solvent N,N-dimethylformamide and could be used for monitoring industrial exposure.
- GC79598Tyramine O-sulfate sodiumCAS: 2083619-07-0Purity: >99.00%
Tyramine O-sulfate (Tyramine sulfate) sodium is a metabolite of Tyramine formed via sulfation, which serves as a biomarker for depression.
- GC79599Melatonin-OHCAS: 67199-08-0Purity: >98.50%
Melatonin -OH is an oxidative Melatonin metabolite with free radical-scavenging activity.
- GC796003-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyreneCAS: 13345-21-6Purity: >98%
3-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP) is a preferable biomarker to assess exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a carcinogenic agent.
- GC796025Oxo-MEHTPCAS: 1684398-40-0Purity: >98%
5Oxo-MEHTP is an urinary metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP).
- GC796033-(3-Sulfooxyphenyl)propanoic acid disodiumPurity: >98.00%
3-(3-Sulfooxyphenyl) propanoic acid disodium is a metabolite of Echinacoside.
- GC79604Fenthion sulfoxideCAS: 3761-41-9Purity: >98.00%
Fenthion sulfoxide is a metabolite of the organophosphate insecticide Fenthion.
- GC796051-(7-Hydroxy-4-methyloctyl) 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylateCAS: 1637562-52-7Purity: >98%
1-(7-Hydroxy-4-methyloctyl) 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate is a metabolite of di (isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), an alternative for phthalate plasticizers.
- GC7960620α-DihydrodydrogesteroneCAS: 4243-74-7Purity: >98%
20α-dihydrodydrogesterone is the major active metabolite of Dydrogesterone produced in the human body after oral administration.
- GC79607Tiopronin disulfideCAS: 21269-37-4Purity: >98%
Tiopronin disulfide, a Tiopronin dimer, is an oxidative product of Tiopronin.
- GC796081,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid mono 4-methyl-7-carboxy-heptyl esterCAS: 1637562-51-6Purity: >98%
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid Mono 4-Methyl-7-carboxy-heptyl Ester is a secondary oxidized metabolite of di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), an alternative for phthalate plasticizer.
| Catalog No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Purity | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GC79579 | Cathepsin D degrader 1 | 3127060-85-6 | >95.00% | |
Anti-hepatic fibrosis agent 3 is an orally active anti-hepatic fibrosis compound targeting Cathepsin D. | ||||
| GC79580 | Z-Arg-Lys-AOMK | 2810056-57-4 | >98% | |
Z-Arg-Lys-AOMK is a cathepsin B inhibitor that can cross the blood-brain barrier. | ||||
| GC79581 | S2160 hydrochloride | 38789-84-3 | >98.00% | |
S2160 hydrochloride is a substrate of Cathepsin B that can be utilized in the calorimetric assay for the measurement of cathepsin B [1] . | ||||
| GC79582 | Cathepsin L-IN-3 TFA | - | >98.00% | |
Cathepsin L-IN-3 (Compound cat L inh. | ||||
| GC79583 | Ac-Glu-Asp(EDANS)-Lys-Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys(DABCYL)-Glu-NH2 acetate | - | >99.00% | |
Ac-Glu-Asp(EDANS)-Lys-Pro-Ile-Leu-Phe-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys(DABCYL)-Glu-NH2 acetate is a Cathepsin D substrate, that can be used for cathepsin D FRET assay [1] . | ||||
| GC79584 | UDP-Glucosamine | 17479-04-8 | >98% | |
UDP-Glucosamine is a sugar nucleotide analog, glycosyl donor, and metabolite of D-galactosamine. | ||||
| GC79588 | 4'-Hydroxywarfarin | 24579-14-4 | >99.50% | |
4′-Hydroxywarfarin is a regioisomeric phenolic derivative of Warfarin. | ||||
| GC79591 | (1R)-BMS-986408 | 2618418-11-2 | >99.00% | |
(1R)-BMS-986408 is an orally active dual DGK α/ζ inhibitor that restores T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity by enhancing T cell signaling [1] . | ||||
| GC79593 | DPP-4-IN-18 | 486460-31-5 | >98% | |
DPP-4-IN-18 (Sitagliptin impurity 3) (Compound 4) impurity 3 is a potent, selective and orally active DPP-4 inhibitor with an IC 50 of 27 nM. | ||||
| GC79594 | 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol | 5349-60-0 | >99.00% | |
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol (Compound 2) is an orally active derivative of anethole. | ||||
| GC79595 | N-Nitrosoglyphosate | 56516-72-4 | >98% | |
N-Nitrosoglyphosate is the nitrosamine degradation product of glyphosate herbicidee. | ||||
| GC79596 | (S)-4-Hydroxymephenytoin | 82695-93-0 | >98% | |
(S) -4-Hydroxy mephenytoin is a metabolite derived from the stereoselective metabolism of mephenytoin. | ||||
| GC79597 | N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine | 103974-29-4 | >98.00% | |
N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl) cysteine is a metabolite of solvent N,N-dimethylformamide and could be used for monitoring industrial exposure. | ||||
| GC79598 | Tyramine O-sulfate sodium | 2083619-07-0 | >99.00% | |
Tyramine O-sulfate (Tyramine sulfate) sodium is a metabolite of Tyramine formed via sulfation, which serves as a biomarker for depression. | ||||
| GC79599 | Melatonin-OH | 67199-08-0 | >98.50% | |
Melatonin -OH is an oxidative Melatonin metabolite with free radical-scavenging activity. | ||||
| GC79600 | 3-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene | 13345-21-6 | >98% | |
3-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP) is a preferable biomarker to assess exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a carcinogenic agent. | ||||
| GC79601 | Diazoxon | 962-58-3 | >98% | |
Diazoxon is a metabolite of Diazinon. | ||||
| GC79602 | 5Oxo-MEHTP | 1684398-40-0 | >98% | |
5Oxo-MEHTP is an urinary metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP). | ||||
| GC79603 | 3-(3-Sulfooxyphenyl)propanoic acid disodium | - | >98.00% | |
3-(3-Sulfooxyphenyl) propanoic acid disodium is a metabolite of Echinacoside. | ||||
| GC79604 | Fenthion sulfoxide | 3761-41-9 | >98.00% | |
Fenthion sulfoxide is a metabolite of the organophosphate insecticide Fenthion. | ||||
| GC79605 | 1-(7-Hydroxy-4-methyloctyl) 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate | 1637562-52-7 | >98% | |
1-(7-Hydroxy-4-methyloctyl) 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate is a metabolite of di (isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), an alternative for phthalate plasticizers. | ||||
| GC79606 | 20α-Dihydrodydrogesterone | 4243-74-7 | >98% | |
20α-dihydrodydrogesterone is the major active metabolite of Dydrogesterone produced in the human body after oral administration. | ||||
| GC79607 | Tiopronin disulfide | 21269-37-4 | >98% | |
Tiopronin disulfide, a Tiopronin dimer, is an oxidative product of Tiopronin. | ||||
| GC79608 | 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid mono 4-methyl-7-carboxy-heptyl ester | 1637562-51-6 | >98% | |
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid Mono 4-Methyl-7-carboxy-heptyl Ester is a secondary oxidized metabolite of di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), an alternative for phthalate plasticizer. | ||||